Psychological influences on health Flashcards

1
Q

What are key behavioural risk factors for chronic disease?

A

Smoking

Obesity/overweight

Poor Diet

Lack of physical activity/ sedentary behaviour

Excessive alcohol consumption

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2
Q

Give examples of ways we can be healthy

A

Not smoking

Being physically active

Only drinking alcohol moderately

And eating five portions of fruit and veg a day

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3
Q

Give an example of a poor diet

A

high saturated fat

low fibre, fruit & veg (< 5 portions/day)

high salt

high red/processed meat, low fish

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4
Q

What are the interventions aimed at populations to help change health related behaviours?

A
  • Fiscal (taxes) and legislative interventions
  • National and local advertising and mass media campaigns (for example, information campaigns, promotion of positive role models and general promotion of health-enhancing behaviours)
  • Point of sale promotions and interventions (for example, working in partnership with private sector organisations to offer information, price reductions or other promotions).
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5
Q

What are the interventions and programmes aimed at communities?

A

​Used to identify and build on the strengths of individuals and communities and the relationships within the communities eg

  • Support organisations and institutions that offer opportunities for local people to take part in
  • The planning and delivery of services
  • Support organisations and institutions that promote participation in leisure and voluntary activities
  • Promote resilience and build skills, by promoting positive social networks and helping to develop relationships
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6
Q

What are the principles for selecting interventions and programmes aimed at individuals?

A

Commissioners, service providers and practitioners working with individuals should select interventions that motivate and support people to e.g.,

  • Feel positive about the benefits of health-enhancing behaviours and changing their behaviour
  • Plan their changes in terms of easy steps over time
  • Recognise how their social contexts and relationships may affect their behaviour,
  • Plan explicit ‘if-then’ coping strategies to prevent relapse
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7
Q

What are the modifiable determinants of behaviour?

A
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8
Q

In order to change behaviour what must information be?

A
  • Relevant to current goals
  • Easily understood and remembered
  • Readily available in the moment of decision or action
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9
Q

What does motivation depend on?

A

Motivation depends on seeing the value of change (Provided by INFORMATION) and having faith in your ability to manage the change (SELF - EFFICACY).

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10
Q

Give reasons why someone might give up drinking alcohol

A
  • The advantages of not drinking (healthy baby) outweigh the disadvantages
  • You anticipate a positive response from others to your behaviour change (e.g., your partner also wants the unborn child to be healthy)
  • There is social pressure for you to change (very socially unacceptable to drink when obviously pregnant!)
  • You perceive the new behaviour to be consistent with your self-image (earth mother)
  • You believe you are able to carry out the new behaviour in a range of circumstances (at home, celebrations, etc)
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11
Q

What is meant by self efficacy?

A

Belief in the ability to change

Underpins:

goal-setting

effort investment

persistence in face of barriers

and recovery from setbacks

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12
Q

Look

A

Neither willpower or knowledge alone lead to long-term change

Small steps are more successful than big leaps

Environment is important – change this to make change work

Create new behaviours rather than just avoiding old ones

Don’t under-estimate the power of triggers

Goals have to be concrete

Set short-term goals which help you towards the long-term goal

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13
Q

What are SMART goals?

A

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

Realistic

Timely

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