Nerves 1-3

Question 1

What are the dendrites on a nerve cell?

Answer 1

Where the nerve cell receives information

Question 2

What is the name given to the body of a nerve cell?

Answer 2

Soma

Question 3

What are the 4 different types of glial cell?

Answer 3

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and Ependimal cells

Question 4

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 4

Maintains chemical concentrations and gradients

Removes waste

Repair

Important contribution in the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

Question 5

What are the glial cells in the PNS?

Answer 5

Satellite cells and schwann cells

Question 6

What do satellite cells surround?

Answer 6

They surround the sensory and autonomic ganglia

Question 7

What is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 7

They regulate the microenvironment of the ganglia in the peripheral nervous system

Question 8

Which glial cells are responsible for providing the myelin sheath around the axons?

Answer 8

Oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

Question 9

What is the function of microglial cells?

Answer 9

Immune role, Ingest cells and pathogens

Question 10

What is the function of appendimal glial cells?

Answer 10

Filters blood to make CSF

Question 11

What portion of the nervous system is responsible for gut activity?

Answer 11

The enteric system

Question 12

The cortex contains grooves, what is the name given to a groove that surrounds a gyrus?

Answer 12

A sulcus

Question 13

What is the cortex?

Answer 13

The outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of folded grey matter

Question 14

What is the cerebeLum responsible for?

Answer 14

Coordinates and regulates muscuLar activity

Question 15

What is the function of the cerebRum?

Answer 15

It is associated with higher bRain power such as thought and action

Question 16

What is the name given to the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 16

Occipital, frontal, temporal and parietal

Question 17

What does the brain stem contain?

Answer 17

Midbrain, pons and the medulla oblongata

Question 18

What does the diencephalon contain?

Answer 18

It is the posterior part of the brain and it contains the epithalamus, thalamus and the hypothalamus

Question 19

Which part of a nerve cell triggers the action potential?

Answer 19

Axon hillock

Question 20

Where can you find interneurones?

Answer 20

In the CNS

Question 21

What is depolarization?

Answer 21

When the cell membrane potential becomes more positively charged

Question 22

Why is a cell normally electronegative?

Answer 22

Because of a higher portion of positive ions outside the cell

Question 23

What causes the cell to hyperpolarise?

Answer 23

The movement of potassium ions out of the cell via potassium channels

Question 24

Give examples of graded potentials

Answer 24

Generator potentials,

post synaptic potentials,

end plate potentials

Question 25

Why are graded potentials described as decremental?

Answer 25

Current leaks out the membrane as you travel away from the source

Question 26

How can you create an IPSP?

Answer 26

Opening chloride ion channels (fast)

More k out

Opening more chlorine channels (slow - acts via G protein)

Question 27

How can you create an EPSP?

Answer 27

Opening more sodium channels more Na in.
or closing potassium channels Less K out.

Question 28

Why is the sodium channel described as a mono-valent non-specific cation channel?

Answer 28

Some potassium can travel as well

Question 29

What is the summation of EPSP’s?

Answer 29

EPSP can accumulate from many inputs

Question 30

What is temporal summation?

Answer 30

When you get two EPSP’s from the SAME synapse in close succession

Question 31

What is spatial summation?

Answer 31

When there is an accumulation of EPSP’s from DIFFERENT synapses

Question 32

Which synapses will suffer less decay?

Answer 32

Those closer to the axon hillock

Question 33

What is an IPSP? Vs EPSP

Answer 33

An inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) is a temporary hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane caused by the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.
Vs
excitatory (or EPSPs) if they increase the likelihood of a postsynaptic action potential occurring, and inhibitory (or IPSPs) if they decrease this likelihood.