Carbohydrates 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

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2
Q

Does the citric acid cycle produce ATP?

A

Yes but indirectly

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3
Q

Is O2 a reactant?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the citric acids action on electrons?

A

Removes them and passes them on to form NADH and FADH2

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5
Q

Why can’t glycolysis yield all the potential energy from glucose?

A

In glycolysis there is no net oxidation of glucose because it is a redox reaction

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6
Q

Describe the effect of the evolutionary advantage in being able to use oxygen to oxidise food molecules?

A

Food molecules can be oxidised further than was possible before, allowed the complete breakdown of food molecules like glucose

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7
Q

What reaction in glycolysis requires NADH?

A

Pyruvate to lactate

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8
Q

Where is pyruvate oxidised into acetyl CoA?

A

In the mitochondrial matrix

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9
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

What does the carboxylation of Pyruvate result in the production of?

A

2 Hydrogen ions, can pass to O2 through NADH intermediates

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11
Q

Describe the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

Massive, each sub-unit catalyses a different part of the reaction

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12
Q

Describe the changes in the number of intermediate molecules in the citric acid cycle

A

They remain constant

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13
Q

How do the two carbons that enter the cycle leave the cycle?

A

A 2 molecules of CO2

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14
Q

How is the activity of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase regulated?

A

End product inhibition from Acetyl CoA, NADH, ATP

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15
Q

What are the other two control points of the citric acid cycle?

A

1-Isocitrate dehydrogenase - ATP and NADH negatively regulate, ADP positively regulates

2-Alpha - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - ATP, NADH and succinyl CoA negatively regulate

They are both non-reversible reactions (exergonic)

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16
Q

What depletes the citric acid cycle of intermediates?

A

The production of nucleotide bases, heme groups and proteins.

17
Q

The citric acid cycle is described as amphibolic, what does this mean?

A

It serves both catabolic and anabolic processes

18
Q

What activity might deplete the cycle of oxaloacetate?

A

Excersizing

19
Q

What does a build up of acetyl CoA trigger?

A

Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate,
presence of AcetlyCoA causes the enzyme (pyruvate carboxylase) to become active which then turns pyruvate to oxaloacetate

20
Q

What does one turn of the cycle produce?

A

3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP