Psychological Disorders Lecture Flashcards
what prevents abnormal people from being treated
fear of being judged or discriminated against = stigma
disorders are stigmatized = more violent
what are some approaches to mental disorders
biomedical model
biopsychosocial model
Diathesis-stress model
explain the biomedical model
treats mental disorders like physical diseases
implies that it is not the persons fault
- it still encourages stigma bc the feel like they have a life threatening and dangerous disease
explain the biopsychosocial model
it is a combination of genetics/brain chem + thoughts/action/stress + relationships/culture/family
bio factors, psych factors, social factors
explain the diathesis stress model
diathesis = vulnerability from genetics or brain chemistry that gives you
stress = external pressures or life events - childhood abuse
not everyone who has bad genetics or who had childhood abuse will develop a disorder but it determines how likely someone is to develop it
how do you assess someone of disorder
have a criteria
every doctor needs to be up to date on the criteria
needs to be evidence based assessment
the maladaptive behavior needs to be interfering with an important part of their life
what is comorbidity
when 2 disorders com hand in hand
like how depression often comes with anxeity
what is the DSM
the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
DSM 5 - does a better job at analyzing the degree and not just yes/no questions
what are some ways people can get treatment of disorders
psychotherapy techniques
cognitive behavioural therapy
virtual reality exposure therapy
pharmacotherapy
explain some psychotherapy techniques
psychoanalytic therapy
- freud - bring all your childhood and unconscious struggles to sight
humanistic therapy - carl rogers
- encouragement of personal growth
cognitive therapy
- change the way you think and restruct thoughts
- challenging alternatives and replacing with healthier habits
behaviour therapy
- reconditioning specific phobias
- gradual exposure and desensitize - VRET (virtual reality exposure therapy)
explain cognitive-behavioural therapy
both from cognitive and behavioural therapys
tries to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviours
focus on thoughts (cognitive)
and focus on actions (behaviour)
explain pharmacotherapy
drugs that affect mental processes
1. anxiolytics = treatment of anxiety increases GABA which is the inhibitiory brain signal
2. antidepressants = increases serotonin in the body
3. antipsychotics = blocks dopamine and reduces hallucinations and delusions
what is schizophrenia
a mental disorder with altered emotions, thoughts, perceptions
loss of touch with reality
what does it mean by positive and negative symptoms of a disorder
positive = the things we see in ppl with schizo that are unique to schizo
negative = things we do not see in schizo and are unique to normal people
- what characteristics schizo ppl lack
what are some positive symptoms of schizo (things are that unique to schizo)
delusions = false personal beliefs
hallucinations = false sensory experiences (voices)
disorganized speech = speech pattern doesn’t make sense/meaningless
disorganized behaviour = strange movements
need 3 out of 4 symptoms to be diagnosed
what is catatonia
common in schizo patients
can hold weird positions for a long time
what are the negative symptoms of schizo (what do they not have)
isolation
apathy - no longer finding pleasure
blunted emotion
slowed monotone speech
what are some biological and environmental factors for schizo
bio:
- genetics
- less frontal lobe activity
env:
socioeconomic status in the world
the mother being on drugs or sickness
- cannabis use for
what are some treatments for schizo
pharmacological treat = best
- antipsychotics - the side effect are tardive dyskinesia which is motor disease
these treatments do not have any affect on the negative symptoms (things that they do not have like catatonia)
what falls under mood disorders
bipolar
depressive disorder
what is bipolar disorder
manic episodes with elevated moods, racing heart
- less common than depression
what does hypomanic mean
less than manic can be paired with depressive episodes
different subtypes of manic
explain MDD major depressive disorder
very common
depressed mood and anhedonia (not finding pleasure in things you used to)
lack of apetite, sleep distubance, loss of energy
looks different on every person
contract anhedonia and apathy
anhedonia = you can’t feel pleasure in the things you liked before like guitar feels meaningless to you now
apathy = A lack of motivation, interest, or emotional response.
- dont bother picking up the guitar
