Personality Lecture Flashcards
what does personality mean
characteristics that are stable in an individual over long times
- lots of ways of conceptualizing personality and operationalizing it (measuring it)
what are the 2 ways to assess personality
- idiographic approaches
- QUALITATIVE
- focus on individual lives, everyone is unique
- narrative, humanistic - Nomothetic approaches
- QUANTITATIVE
- same tool to identify or assess people bc we have common traits
- projective measures, inkblot, TAT (coming up with story from pic)
- objective measures, self reports, ratings
what are the 4 perspectives on personality
psychodynamic - freud/neo-freud
humanistic - carl rogers
social-cognitive - bandura
trait approaches - big five
what is freud’s psychodynamic theory
- id (pleasure)
- superego (angel” moral principles)
- ego (the reality
the conscious mind is readily available and mediates reality and ID and superego
the unconscious mind = not accessible
- what are neo-freudian approaches
CARL JUNG
studied species level
interversion vs extraversion
KAREN HORNEY
- cultural and social conditions on personality rather than biologival
- explain the humanistic approaches
against freud
emphasis on the personal experience and belief system
- tell people to seek personal growth
helping people live best life
- abraham maslow
carl rogers took it further and created person-centered approach
explain carl rogers person-centered approach
understanding someone from their POV
behaviour can be bad but the person is always good
(idiograph approach of assessing personality)
- explain the social-cognitive approach
albert bandura (boho doll)
reciprocal determinism = You shape your environment, and your environment shapes you — all while your thoughts and actions play a role too.
personal factors, behaviour and environmental factors all impact one another - (recp deter = how these feed into one another)
interest in soccer, hangs out with more soccer players, makes it into the soccer team
what is self efficacy - bandura
the belief that you are going to succeed in a domain
I can do it
- more effort
- more resilient after failure
role models, feedback, visualizations, physical and emotional states, past experiences work towards self efficacy
what is the locus of control
the degree to which epople believe that they control over the outcome of the events in their lives
- internal locus of control (achievement motivation, I can determine my future, i work hard, i am in control of my life)
- external locus of control (why bother trying, i go with the flow, whatever happens happens)
what is self regulationb
the process in which we change behaviours to get to a goal
- going to the gym more bc you want to be fit by summer
what is self control
the process of self regulation in contexts where this situation will trade-off your goals/temptations
- eat chocolate in your goal of fitness for summer
- marshmellow test
what are some strategies we take to increase self control
delay of gratification
not looking at it
making it seem disgusting - reframing
although delaying gratification and having self control doesnt = good grades and smart when growing up
what is the “if-then” situation
if this situation happsn then i will react this way
putting emphasis on the interaction between the situation and the individual
- explain the trait approach - big five
lots of traits - extroversion, independence, self control,
big five =
OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism)
openness = actions, ideas, values
Conscientiousness = self discipline, order
extroversion - excitment, positive emotion
agreeableness = trust, straightforward
neuroticism = anxiety, angry, impulsive
what is a personality trait
a characteristic
based on a trait they occupy, depends on how and where and when they will react
what is a personality type
a classification based on particular configurations
- along a range based on the list of traits
what are the 4 personality TYPES
average, self centred, role model, reserved
collection of traits from OCEAN - this combination reveals a type
what is the big problem with myers-briggs
they put people into already made extremes
either intro or extra no in between
this is why each trait has a continuum meaning there is a bell shape with most of the scores being in the middle = average
what is the self
the total individual
all characterisitics, mental and physical being, conscious and unconscious
what is self concept
a persons description of themselves
their own qualities and skills
what is self construal
where you are defined as independent or interdependently
independent = your own accomplishments
inter = know how you are related with these people or groups
what are the differences in culture when discussing the self
western = independent self construals - independent view - you are yourself
non-western = interdependent - family and friends shape you and are a representation of you
