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Psychology 1010 > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychopathology

A

sickness or disorder of the mind; psychological disorder

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2
Q

Etiology

A

factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

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3
Q

Criteria for determining psychopathology

A
  1. do actions deviate from cultural norms
  2. is the behavior maladaptive
  3. is the behavior self-destructive
  4. does the behavior cause discomfort and concern to others
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4
Q

Manual for psychological disorders

A

DSM-5

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5
Q

Categorical approach

A

a person is either in a category or not
DSM-5 uses this approach

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6
Q

Dimensional Approach

A

psychological disorders exist along a continuum

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7
Q

Comorbidity

A

many psychological disorders occur together

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8
Q

P-factor

A

Your predisposition to psychological disorders. A high p is associated with more life impairment, suicide, criminal behaviors ,etc.

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9
Q

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

A

a method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior
- the purpose is to guide research rather than classify disorders

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10
Q

Types of Assessment

A

self - reports
psychological testing
observations
interviews
neuropsychological testing

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11
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

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12
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger
1 in 4 Amerians

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13
Q

Specific Phobia

A

excessive fear of one thing

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14
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

fear of being negatively evaluated by others, tends to develop along with other disorders

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15
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event, constant anxiety, your fight or flight system is almost always active

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16
Q

Panic Disorder

A

an anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror, does not necessarily come from a specific trigger

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible

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18
Q

Development of anxiety disorders

A

biased thinking = negative thinking
learning = observing others’ anxious responses
biological factor = temperament style, brain chemistry

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19
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

a disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions

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20
Q

Obessions

A

recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts or ideas and mental images that increase anxiety

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21
Q

Compulsions

A

particular acts that the OCD patient feels driven to perform over and over that reduce anxiety

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22
Q

OCD causes

A

conditioning
genes
neuroimaging
environment

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23
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A

a disorder that involved frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma

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24
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

a disorder characterized by severe negative moods or lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities

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25
Major depressive episode
a depressed mood, loss of interest for at least 2 weeks
26
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder lasts from 2-20 years
27
Causes of depression
deficiency in norepinephrine and serotonin life stressors multiple negative events
28
Cognitive triad
people with depression think negatively about themselves, about their situations, and about the future
29
Attributional pattern
blame misfortunes on personal defects, positive occurrences due to luck
30
Learned helplessness
a cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives
31
Thinking in extremes
I must be perfect, or I'm a failure
32
Bipolar disorder
a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania
33
Mania
an elevated mood that can vary in degree and is accompanied by major shifts in energy levels and physical activity
34
Manic episodes
elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, etc.
35
Bipolar 1
characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and frequently, depressive episodes as well
36
Bipolar ll:
characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods
37
Hypomania
less extreme mood elevations
38
Dissociative disorders
disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness
39
Dissociative amnesia
a person forgets that an event happened or loses awareness of a substantial block of time
40
Dissociative fugue
the rarest and most extreme form of dissociative amnesia that involves a loss of identity; involves travel to another location and sometimes the assumption of a new identity
41
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual
42
Schizophrenia
a psychological disorder characterized by alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness, resulting in psychosis
43
Delusions
false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality
44
Types of delusions
persecutory referential grandiose identity guilt control
45
Hallucinations
false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external force
46
Positive delusions
adding something to your reality
47
Negative delusions
taking something away from your reality, lack of behavior
48
Disorganized speech
speaking in an incoherent fashion that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things
49
Disorganized behavior
acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movements of limbs, inappropriate self-care
50
Catatonic behavior
holding a strange posture for hours, as though "scared stiff"
51
Personality disorders
when a style of interaction is long-lasting and causes problems in work and social situations
52
Cluster A
odd, eccentric behavior (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
53
Cluster B
dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior (narcissistic, borderline, antisocial)
54
Cluster C
anxious or fearful behavior (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive)
55
Borderline personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity in affect, and in impulse of control
56
Antisocial personality disorder (APD)
a personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, impulsive and lack empathy
57
Autism spectrum disorder
impairments in social interactions avoid eye contact destructive behaviors
58
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness and impulsivity
59
Psychotherapy
the generic name given to formal psychological treatment, involves interactions between practitioner and client, aimed at changing patterns of thoughts, emotion, or behavior, how you would picture typical therapy
60
Biological Therapies
based on medical approaches to disease/illness the perspective that mental disorders result from abnormalities in neural and bodily processes psychopharmacology is the use of medications that affect brain or body functions
61
Freud and Breuer's psychoanalysis
involved uncovering unconscious feelings and drives that gave rise to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors, dream analysis, insight
62
Insight
a client's awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning
63
Behavior Therapy
based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning
64
Exposure
involves repeated exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus or situation
65
Cognitive therapy
distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behavior and emotions, treatments strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns.
66
Cognitive restructuring
help clients recognize maladaptive though patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality
67
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
a therapy that incorporates technique from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors
68
Client-centered therapy
focus on empathy encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding
69
reflective listengin
the therapist repeats the client's concerns to help the person clarify his or her feelings
70
Family therapy
a systems approach where an individual is part of a larger context where changes in individual behavior will affect the whole system.
71
Psychotorpic medicaitons
drugs that affect mental processes
72
Anti-anxiety drugs
a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of anxiety; commonly called tranquilizers (benzodiazepines) increase the activity of gaba
73
Antidepressants
a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depressions - monoamine oxidase inhibitors - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
74
Antipsychotics
a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of disorders that involve psychosis; also known as neuroleptics
75
Tardive dyskinesia
the involuntary twitching of muscles, especially in the neck and face
76
Electroconvulsive therapy
administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain to produce a seizure
77
Transcranial magnetic simulation
a powerful electrical current produces a magnetic field that is about 40000 times earth's magnetic field
78
Deep brain stimulations
electrodes are surgically implanted deep within the brain; mild electricity is then used to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity

Psychology 1010 (15 decks)

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