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Psychology 1010 > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

sickness or disorder of the mind; psychological disorder

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2
Q

Etiology

A

factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

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3
Q

Criteria for determining psychopathology

A
  1. do actions deviate from cultural norms
  2. is the behavior maladaptive
  3. is the behavior self-destructive
  4. does the behavior cause discomfort and concern to others
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4
Q

Manual for psychological disorders

A

DSM-5

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5
Q

Categorical approach

A

a person is either in a category or not
DSM-5 uses this approach

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6
Q

Dimensional Approach

A

psychological disorders exist along a continuum

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7
Q

Comorbidity

A

many psychological disorders occur together

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8
Q

P-factor

A

Your predisposition to psychological disorders. A high p is associated with more life impairment, suicide, criminal behaviors ,etc.

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9
Q

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

A

a method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior
- the purpose is to guide research rather than classify disorders

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10
Q

Types of Assessment

A

self - reports
psychological testing
observations
interviews
neuropsychological testing

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11
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

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12
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger
1 in 4 Amerians

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13
Q

Specific Phobia

A

excessive fear of one thing

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14
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

fear of being negatively evaluated by others, tends to develop along with other disorders

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15
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event, constant anxiety, your fight or flight system is almost always active

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16
Q

Panic Disorder

A

an anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror, does not necessarily come from a specific trigger

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible

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18
Q

Development of anxiety disorders

A

biased thinking = negative thinking
learning = observing others’ anxious responses
biological factor = temperament style, brain chemistry

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19
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

a disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions

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20
Q

Obessions

A

recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts or ideas and mental images that increase anxiety

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21
Q

Compulsions

A

particular acts that the OCD patient feels driven to perform over and over that reduce anxiety

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22
Q

OCD causes

A

conditioning
genes
neuroimaging
environment

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23
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A

a disorder that involved frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma

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24
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

a disorder characterized by severe negative moods or lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities

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25
Q

Major depressive episode

A

a depressed mood, loss of interest for at least 2 weeks

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26
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

A

a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder
lasts from 2-20 years

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27
Q

Causes of depression

A

deficiency in norepinephrine and serotonin
life stressors
multiple negative events

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28
Q

Cognitive triad

A

people with depression think negatively about themselves, about their situations, and about the future

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29
Q

Attributional pattern

A

blame misfortunes on personal defects, positive occurrences due to luck

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30
Q

Learned helplessness

A

a cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives

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31
Q

Thinking in extremes

A

I must be perfect, or I’m a failure

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32
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania

33
Q

Mania

A

an elevated mood that can vary in degree and is accompanied by major shifts in energy levels and physical activity

34
Q

Manic episodes

A

elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, etc.

35
Q

Bipolar 1

A

characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and frequently, depressive episodes as well

36
Q

Bipolar ll:

A

characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods

37
Q

Hypomania

A

less extreme mood elevations

38
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness

39
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

a person forgets that an event happened or loses awareness of a substantial block of time

40
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

the rarest and most extreme form of dissociative amnesia that involves a loss of identity; involves travel to another location and sometimes the assumption of a new identity

41
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual

42
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a psychological disorder characterized by alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness, resulting in psychosis

43
Q

Delusions

A

false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

44
Q

Types of delusions

A

persecutory
referential
grandiose
identity
guilt
control

45
Q

Hallucinations

A

false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external force

46
Q

Positive delusions

A

adding something to your reality

47
Q

Negative delusions

A

taking something away from your reality, lack of behavior

48
Q

Disorganized speech

A

speaking in an incoherent fashion that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things

49
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movements of limbs, inappropriate self-care

50
Q

Catatonic behavior

A

holding a strange posture for hours, as though “scared stiff”

51
Q

Personality disorders

A

when a style of interaction is long-lasting and causes problems in work and social situations

52
Q

Cluster A

A

odd, eccentric behavior (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)

53
Q

Cluster B

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior (narcissistic, borderline, antisocial)

54
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious or fearful behavior (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive)

55
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity in affect, and in impulse of control

56
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

A

a personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, impulsive and lack empathy

57
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

impairments in social interactions
avoid eye contact
destructive behaviors

58
Q

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

a disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness and impulsivity

59
Q

Psychotherapy

A

the generic name given to formal psychological treatment, involves interactions between practitioner and client, aimed at changing patterns of thoughts, emotion, or behavior, how you would picture typical therapy

60
Q

Biological Therapies

A

based on medical approaches to disease/illness
the perspective that mental disorders result from abnormalities in neural and bodily processes
psychopharmacology is the use of medications that affect brain or body functions

61
Q

Freud and Breuer’s psychoanalysis

A

involved uncovering unconscious feelings and drives that gave rise to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors, dream analysis, insight

62
Q

Insight

A

a client’s awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning

63
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning

64
Q

Exposure

A

involves repeated exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus or situation

65
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behavior and emotions, treatments strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns.

66
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A

help clients recognize maladaptive though patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality

67
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

a therapy that incorporates technique from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors

68
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

focus on empathy encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding

69
Q

reflective listengin

A

the therapist repeats the client’s concerns to help the person clarify his or her feelings

70
Q

Family therapy

A

a systems approach where an individual is part of a larger context where changes in individual behavior will affect the whole system.

71
Q

Psychotorpic medicaitons

A

drugs that affect mental processes

72
Q

Anti-anxiety drugs

A

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of anxiety; commonly called tranquilizers (benzodiazepines)
increase the activity of gaba

73
Q

Antidepressants

A

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depressions
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

74
Q

Antipsychotics

A

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of disorders that involve psychosis; also known as neuroleptics

75
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

the involuntary twitching of muscles, especially in the neck and face

76
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

administering a strong electrical current to the patient’s brain to produce a seizure

77
Q

Transcranial magnetic simulation

A

a powerful electrical current produces a magnetic field that is about 40000 times earth’s magnetic field

78
Q

Deep brain stimulations

A

electrodes are surgically implanted deep within the brain; mild electricity is then used to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity

Psychology 1010 (15 decks)

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