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Psychology 1010 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality Trait

A

a pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations

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2
Q

Temperaments

A

biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways

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3
Q

Temperament qualities

A

activity level
emotionality
sociability

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4
Q

Freud’s Structural Model of Personality

A

Id
Superego
Ego

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5
Q

Id

A

completely unconsious

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6
Q

Superego

A

social and parental standards

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7
Q

Ego

A

the mixture of id and superego

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8
Q

Trait approach

A

an approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions

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9
Q

Five factor theory of personality

A

openness to experience
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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10
Q

Behavioral Approach System

A

the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards, the “go” system. Sensitivity to rewards.

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11
Q

Behavioral Inhibition System

A

the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or paint; the “stop” system. Sensitivity to punishment or rejection.

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12
Q

Expectancy-value approach

A

internal/external locus of control

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13
Q

Locus of control

A

personal beliefs about how much control people have over outcomes in their lives

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14
Q

Internal locus of control

A

believe they bring about their own rewards

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15
Q

External locus of reward

A

rewards and their personal fates result from forces beyond their control

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16
Q

Humanistic Approaches

A

emphasize personal experience, belief systems, the uniqueness of the narrative of each human life, and the inherent goodness of each person

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17
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

the theory that the expression of personality can be explained by the interaction of environment, personal factors and behavior itself

18
Q

The factors that influence behavior (Bandura)

A
  1. The person’s environment
  2. Multiple person factors (characteristics, self-confidence, expectations)
  3. Behavior
19
Q

Situationism

A

the theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits

20
Q

Person/situation debate

A

is personality based on situation or traits

21
Q

How much traits predict behavior depends on 3 factors

A
  1. the centrality (importance) of the trait
  2. the aggregation of behaviors over time
  3. the type of trait being evaluated
22
Q

Self-monitoring

A

how much a particular person tends to change to the situation

23
Q

Cognitive affective processing system

A

people react in predictable ways to specific conditions

24
Q

Strong situations

A

tend to mask differences in personality because of their power of the social environment

25
Q

Weak situations

A

tend to reveal differences in personality

26
Q

Interactionism

A

the theory that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions

27
Q

Basic tendencies

A

dispositional traits determined largely by biological processes; very stable

28
Q

Characteristic adaptations

A

adjustments to situational demands; tend to be somewhat consistent because they are based on skills, habits, roles, etc.

29
Q

Rank-order stability

A

stability in personality refers to a lack of change in where a person stands on the trait relative to other people

30
Q

Idiographic Approaches

A

person-centered approaches to studying personality; focus in on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons

31
Q

Nomothetic approaches

A

approaches to assessing personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person (the five factor theory)

32
Q

Projective measures

A

personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli

33
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIT)

A

a person looks at an apparently meaningless inkblot and describes what it appears to be

34
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

a person is shown an ambiguous picture and is asked to tell a story about it

35
Q

Social Comparison

A

the tendency for people to evaluate their own actions, abilities, and beliefs by contrasting them with other peoples’

36
Q

Self-serving Bias

A

the tendency for people to take personal credit success but blame failure on external factors

37
Q

Self-concept

A

a web of information that you know and believe about yourself

38
Q

Self-schema

A

a knowledge structure that contains memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self and the helps people efficiently perceive, organize, interpret, and use information related to themselves

39
Q

Working self-concept

A

the part of the self-concept that is available during immediate experience

40
Q

Self-esteem

A

the evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel worthy or unworthy

41
Q

Reflected- appraisal

A

the process of learning about oneself through the eyes of others

42
Q

Sociometer

A

an internal monitor of social acceptance or rejection

Psychology 1010 (15 decks)

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