Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
Primary Emotions
innate, universal across cultures
anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise, and contempt
Secondary Emotions
a blend of primary emotions, or emotions that relate to culturally specific values
guilt, shame, jealousy, pride, honor, love, social regard
Circumplex Model
emotions are plotted along two continuums
valence = how negative or positive
arousal = physiological activation
Insula
plays a role in the experience of bodily self-awareness, receiving somatosensory signals from the body, highly involved in feelings of disgust
Amygdala
processes the emotional significance of stimuli and it generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions
Fast Processing Pathway
travels straight through the thalamus to the amygdala
low level visual info
hypothetical threat in your environment
Slow Processing Pathway
processed in the thalamus, sent to other parts of the brain (ex. visual vortex) and then sent to the amygdala is there is still danger
Limbic System
subcortical brain structures that are involved in emotion
Plygraph
an electronic instrument that assesses the body’s physiological response to a stimulus (lie detector)
Common perception of emotions
a stimulus causes fear and fear causes arousal
James - Langue Theory
first comes the physical response, then comes the emotion
making a facial expression like a smile makes things funnier to you
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
the idea that you can activate an emotion by molding your facial muscles into the associated expression
Cannon - Bard Theory
Emotion and Arousal happen at the same time
Schacter - Singer Two-Factor Theory
the label that you give to your physiological arousal results in the experience of an emotion
Facial Expressions
Darwin said they were adaptive (the same across cultures), he was right
Display Rules
rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable to given situations
Ideal Affect
the types of emotions that cultures value and encourage people to display
Americans prefer high-arousal emotions like excitement
Asian cultures prefer low-arousal emotions like calmness
Bad emotional control strategies
rumination
supression
4 Effects of motivational States
energizing
directive
help us persist
differ in strength
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- survival needs
- Safety needs
- belonging and love
- esteem
- self-actualization (living to full potential, achieve your best self)
Yerkes - Dodson Law
performance increases with arousal up to a moderate point. after than, arousal impair performance
Extrinsic Motivation
motivation to perform because of external goals (paycheck)
Intrinsic Motivation
motivation to perform because of the pleasure associated with the activity
Hedonsim
humans’ desire for pleasantness and avoidance of unpleasantness
