Health and Well-being

Question 1

Health Psychology

Answer 1

a field that involves applying psychological principles to promote health and well-being

Question 2

Well-being

Answer 2

a positive state that includes striving for optimal health and life satisfaction

Question 3

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 3

an approach to psychological science that includes biological factors, psychological processes, and social influences in shaping human mental life and behavior.

Question 4

Health Disparities

Answer 4

differences in health outcomes, such as illness or death rates, between people and groups

Question 5

Immigrant Paradox

Answer 5

the pattern among immigrant communities in which foreign-born immigrants to the US have better health than people in later generations do

Question 6

Healthy Eating Catchphrase

Answer 6

eat food, not too much, mostly plants

Question 7

BMI phenomenon

Answer 7

being slightly overweight actually predicts a longer life, being obese, however, predicts shorter life expectancy

Question 8

2 Major factors of overeating in the US

Answer 8

increased variety of high-calorie foods
larger portion sizes

Question 9

Stress

Answer 9

a type of response that typically involves an unpleasant state, such as anxiety or tension

Question 10

Stressor

Answer 10

something in the environment that is perceived as threatening or demanding and therefore produces stress

Question 11

Major Life stressors

Answer 11

changes or disruptions that strain central areas of people’s lives (death of a loved one, having your first child)

Question 12

Chronic Stress

Answer 12

a set of ongoing challenges (long-term illness, poverty, caregiving)

Question 13

Daily Hassles

Answer 13

small, day to day irritation and annoyances (driving in traffic, waiting in line, difficult people)

Question 14

Coping Response

Answer 14

any attempt made to avoid, escape from, or minimize a stressor

Question 15

Eustress

Answer 15

the stress of positive events

Question 16

Distress

Answer 16

the stress of negative events

Question 17

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Answer 17

the body’s system involved in stress responses

Question 18

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 18

your body’s fight or flight system
heart rate increases, eyes dilate, etc.

Question 19

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 19

the opposite of the sympathetic system
all bodily functions return to normal

Question 20

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 20

a consistent pattern of responses to stress that consists of three stages
alarm
resistance
exhaustion

Question 21

Alarm Stage

Answer 21

like the fight or flight response
boots physical activities, temporarily reduces the immune system.

Question 22

Resistance Stage

Answer 22

the body prepares for longer, sustained defense from the stressor, immune system increases

Question 23

Exhaustion Stage

Answer 23

various physiological and immune system fails

Question 24

Tend and Befriend Response

Answer 24

the tendency to protect and care for offspring and form social alliances rather than fight or flee. Most females follow this patter
Part of this response is likely due to oxytocin.

Question 25

Lymphocytes

Answer 25

specialized white blood cells that make up the immune system

Question 26

B cells

Answer 26

produce antibodies

Question 27

T cells

Answer 27

assist in attacking intruders directly

Question 28

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 28

potent in killing viruses and help to attack tumors

Question 29

Type A Behavior Pattern

Answer 29

characterized by competitiveness, achievement orientation, aggressiveness, hostility, restlessness, impatience with others, inability to relax - related to health problems

Question 30

Type B Behavior Pattern

Answer 30

noncompetitive, relaxed, easygoing, etc

Question 31

Primary Appraisals

Answer 31

part of the coping process that involves making decisions about whether a stimulus is stressful, benign, or irrelevant

Question 32

Secondary Appraisals

Answer 32

part of the coping process during which people evaluate their response options and choose a coping behavior

Question 33

Anticipatory Coping

Answer 33

coping that occurs before the onset of a future stressor

Question 34

Emotion-focused Coping

Answer 34

people try to prevent having an emotional response to a stressor
strategies to distract from and numb the pain

Question 35

Problem-focused Coping

Answer 35

people take direct steps to confront and minimize a stressor
finding an alternative solution

Question 36

Positive Psychology

Answer 36

the movement that emphasizes the strengths and virtues that help people thrive; its primary aim is an understanding of psychological well-being.

Question 37

Three components of happiness

Answer 37

-positive emotion and pleasure
-engagement in life
-a meaningful life

Question 38

Positive reappraisal

Answer 38

a person focuses on possible good things in the current situation

Question 39

Downward comparison

Answer 39

comparing oneself to those who are worse off

Question 40

Creation of positive events

Answer 40

a strategy of giving positive meaning to ordinary events.

Question 41

Hardiness

Answer 41

stress resistant, capable of adapting to life’s changes and viewing stressful events constructively.

Question 42

Broaden and Build Theory

Answer 42

positive emotions cause people to expand their view of what is possible in a situation and develop new ideas and relationships

Question 43

Buffering Hypothesis

Answer 43

when others provide emotional support, the recipient is better able to cope with stressful events