Human Development Flashcards
Developmental Psychology
the changes over a lifetime in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior
Synaptic Pruning
The neurons in the brain connect to everything and then over time the brain decides which connections are useful and which ones are not
Translation Neuroscience
seeks to identify the neural systems that are vulnerable to the effects of early life stress and build interventions that protect those systems
Teratogens
agents that harm the embryo or fetus
Motor Reflexes
born with
grasping reflex
rooting reflex
sucking reflex
Dynamic Systems Theory
the view that development is a self-organizing process, in which new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions between a person and cultural environmental contexts
Newborns’ visual ability
distant objects if poor but increases rapidly over the first six months, reaches adult levels around 1 year
Habituation Technique
babies will look for a longer time at objects from a new category
Salient
something this is visually attention-grabbing, or unexpected, or new as opposed to habituated
Infantile Amnesia
our brains process information differently when we’re babies, that’s why we don’t remember things
Attachment
strong, intimate, emotional connections between people that persists over time and across circumstances
Strange Situation Test
infant, caregiver, and stranger were placed in a room, the mom’s left - returned and the babies’ reactions were observed
Secure Attachment
cries when mother leaves, is comforted when mother returns
Insecure Avoidant
doesn’t notice when mother leaves or returns
Insecure Ambivalent
cries hysterically when mother leaves and cries and hits mother when she returns
Oxytocin
related to social behaviors (between mother and daughter)
Imprinting
in less cognitively advanced species, attachment can be formed very easily (ducks)
Authoritarian Parenting Style
enforcing strict standards, often with punishment - demanding, but not accepting
Permissive Parenting Style
asserting little or not authority - not demanding, but accepting
Authoritative Parenting
enforcing rules and standards but with attention to the child’s point of view - demanding and accepting
Disengaging Parenting
not demanding, not accepting - undemanding and overwhelmed by other concerns
Assimilation
the process by which new information is placed into an existing scheme
Accommodation
the process by which a new scheme is created or an existing scheme is drastically altered to include new info that otherwise would not fit into the scheme
Piaget’s theory of development
the importance of the interaction between humans and objects
