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Psychology 1010 > Human Development > Flashcards

Human Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

the changes over a lifetime in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior

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2
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

The neurons in the brain connect to everything and then over time the brain decides which connections are useful and which ones are not

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3
Q

Translation Neuroscience

A

seeks to identify the neural systems that are vulnerable to the effects of early life stress and build interventions that protect those systems

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4
Q

Teratogens

A

agents that harm the embryo or fetus

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5
Q

Motor Reflexes

A

born with
grasping reflex
rooting reflex
sucking reflex

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6
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory

A

the view that development is a self-organizing process, in which new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions between a person and cultural environmental contexts

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7
Q

Newborns’ visual ability

A

distant objects if poor but increases rapidly over the first six months, reaches adult levels around 1 year

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8
Q

Habituation Technique

A

babies will look for a longer time at objects from a new category

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9
Q

Salient

A

something this is visually attention-grabbing, or unexpected, or new as opposed to habituated

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10
Q

Infantile Amnesia

A

our brains process information differently when we’re babies, that’s why we don’t remember things

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11
Q

Attachment

A

strong, intimate, emotional connections between people that persists over time and across circumstances

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12
Q

Strange Situation Test

A

infant, caregiver, and stranger were placed in a room, the mom’s left - returned and the babies’ reactions were observed

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13
Q

Secure Attachment

A

cries when mother leaves, is comforted when mother returns

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14
Q

Insecure Avoidant

A

doesn’t notice when mother leaves or returns

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15
Q

Insecure Ambivalent

A

cries hysterically when mother leaves and cries and hits mother when she returns

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16
Q

Oxytocin

A

related to social behaviors (between mother and daughter)

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17
Q

Imprinting

A

in less cognitively advanced species, attachment can be formed very easily (ducks)

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18
Q

Authoritarian Parenting Style

A

enforcing strict standards, often with punishment - demanding, but not accepting

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19
Q

Permissive Parenting Style

A

asserting little or not authority - not demanding, but accepting

20
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

enforcing rules and standards but with attention to the child’s point of view - demanding and accepting

21
Q

Disengaging Parenting

A

not demanding, not accepting - undemanding and overwhelmed by other concerns

22
Q

Assimilation

A

the process by which new information is placed into an existing scheme

23
Q

Accommodation

A

the process by which a new scheme is created or an existing scheme is drastically altered to include new info that otherwise would not fit into the scheme

24
Q

Piaget’s theory of development

A

the importance of the interaction between humans and objects

25
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

A

birth - 2
infants acquire info through their senses and motor skills

26
Q

Object Permanence

A

the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is hidden from view

27
Q

The A- not -B effect

A

infants reach for objects where they previously found them, even when they have seen where they are hidden

28
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

A

2 - 7 years
children think symbolically about objects
they reason based on intuition and appearance rather than logic and imagination

29
Q

Egocentrism

A

they can’t see the world through other people’s eyes (if I can’t see them, they can’t see me)

30
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage

A

7 - 12 years
begin to think about and understand logical operations and they are no longer fooled by appearances, they can reason logically but not abstractly

31
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage

A

12 - adulthood
people can think abstractly, and they can formulate and test hypotheses/abstract thoughts through deductive logic

32
Q

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory

A

the importance of social interactions between self and environment
basically proved a lot of things about Piaget’s theory wrong

33
Q

Theory of Mind

A

the ability to understand that other people have mental states that influence their behavior. The ability to infer what another person is feeling or thinking

34
Q

Prosocial Behavior

A

any voluntary actions performed with the specific intent of benefiting another person

35
Q

Preconventional Level

A

the earliest stage of moral development; people determine what is moral based on self-interest and event outcomes (he should take the food because then he’ll have it)

36
Q

Conventional Level

A

the middle stage of moral reasoning; strict adherence to societal rules and the approval of others determines what is moral (he shouldn’t take the food because that’s stealing)

37
Q

Postconventional Level

A

the highest stage of moral reasoning; at this level, decisions about morality depend on abstract principles and the value of all life (he should steal the food because his daughter is hungry)

38
Q

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

A

as people grow older, they view time as limited and therefore shift their focus to meaningful events, experiences, and goals

39
Q

Erikson’s Infancy Stage

A

0-1 year
Basic Trust vs Mistrust

40
Q

Erikson’s Early childhood stage

A

1-3 years
autonomy vs shame

41
Q

Erikson’s Play Age Stage

A

3-6 years
Initiative vs guilt

42
Q

Erikson’s School Age Stage

A

6-12 years
Industry vs Inferiority

43
Q

Erikson’s Adolescence Stage

A

12-19 years
Identity vs Confusion

44
Q

Erikson’s Early Adulthood Stage

A

20-25 years
Intimacy vs Isolation

45
Q

Erikson’s Adulthood Stage

A

26-64 years
Generativity vs Stagnation

46
Q

Erikson’s Old Age Stage

A

65 - death
Integrity vs despair

Psychology 1010 (15 decks)

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