Memory

Question 1

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 1

people lose past memories about events, people, facts, etc

Question 2

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 2

people lose the ability to form new memories

Question 3

Implicit Memory

Answer 3

unconscious or unintentional memory, memories we don’t know we know (riding a bike)

Question 4

Procedural Memory

Answer 4

skilled and goal oriented actions that become automatic (stopping at a red light)

Question 5

Explicit Memory

Answer 5

the information we can say we know, the processes we use to remember that info (the memory of learning to ride a bike)

Question 6

Episodic Memory

Answer 6

a person’s memory of past experiences that can be identified as occurring at a time and place (a story, memories of past events)

Question 7

Semantic Memory

Answer 7

knowledge of concepts, categories, and facts (fun facts)

Question 8

Encoding

Answer 8

the process by which a stimuli gets transformed into a memory

Question 9

Dual-coding hypothesis

Answer 9

information that can be coded verbally and visually will be remembered more easily than info only coded verbally

Question 10

Storage

Answer 10

the actual storing of memories in your brain

Question 11

Sensory memory

Answer 11

it’s a very temporary memory system that stores stimuli from your senses

Question 12

Iconic memory

Answer 12

visual sensory memory, being able to look at a picture for a sec and remember some of the details -> lasts for 1/3 of a second

Question 13

Echoic memory

Answer 13

being able to remember the last few words someone spoke even when you’re not paying attention

Question 14

Retrieval

Answer 14

the expression of a memory after encoding and storage

Question 15

Retrieval cue

Answer 15

anything that helps a person recall a memory

Question 16

Encoding specificity principle

Answer 16

any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger a memory of the experience if encountered again

Question 17

Context-dependent memory

Answer 17

based on things such as physical location, odors, sounds, etc

Question 18

State-dependent memory

Answer 18

based off of your mood and how you’re feeling

Question 19

Reconsolidation

Answer 19

the process involved of storing memories again after they’ve been recalled

Question 20

Reconsolidation functions

Answer 20

memory updating and memory strengthening

Question 21

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 21

simply repeating something over and over again

Question 22

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 22

encodes information in more meaningful ways by connecting the info to oneself or to other things in the world

Question 23

Schemas

Answer 23

cognitive structures that help us perceive and make sense of the info/stimuli that we receive

Question 24

Chunking

Answer 24

breaking down information into meaningful units (breaking phone numbers into groups of 3)

Question 25

Mnemonics

Answer 25

the memorization strategy of focusing attention on organizing incoming info and linking it to existing knowledge or familiar experiences

Question 26

Method of Loci

Answer 26

associating items you want to remember with physical locations

Question 27

Long-term potentiation

Answer 27

the strengthening of a synaptic connection, the more emotional a memory is, the more likely you’ll remember it

Question 28

Prefrontal Cortex and memory

Answer 28

working memory

Question 29

Hippocampus

Answer 29

spatial memory

Question 30

Temporal lobe

Answer 30

declarative memory

Question 31

Amygdala

Answer 31

fear learning

Question 32

Cerebellum

Answer 32

motor action learning and memory

Question 33

Long-term memory

Answer 33

the storage of information that lasts from minutes to forever

Question 34

Serial position effect

Answer 34

items first and last in a list are remembered better than those in the middle

Question 35

Primary effect

Answer 35

better memory for items at the beginning of a list

Question 36

Recency effect

Answer 36

better memory for the most recent items or items last on a list

Question 37

Consolidation

Answer 37

the process of forming lasting connections that represent long-term memory

Question 38

Flashbulb memories

Answer 38

vivid episodic memories for the circumstances in which people first learned of a surprising or emotional event

Question 39

Prospective memory

Answer 39

remembering to do something in the future

Question 40

Retrieval- induced forgetting

Answer 40

when retrieving an item from long term memory impairs the ability to recall a related item in the future. When you’re only retrieving certain parts of a memory over and over and over again, other parts of the memory that aren’t being recalled begin to be forgotten

Question 41

Saving

Answer 41

the different between the original learning and relearning

Question 42

Proactive interference

Answer 42

old info inhibits the ability to remember new info

Question 43

Retroactive intereference

Answer 43

new info inhibits the ability to remember old info

Question 44

Blocking

Answer 44

when a person is temporarily unable to remember something

Question 45

Persistence

Answer 45

when unwanted memories are remembered despite the desire not to have them

Question 46

Memory bias

Answer 46

the changing of memories over time so that they become consistent with current beliefs

Question 47

Source misattribution

Answer 47

when people misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory

Question 48

Source amnesia

Answer 48

when people have a memory for an event but cannot remember where they encountered the info

Question 49

Crptomnesia

Answer 49

where people think they have come up with a new idea but instead they have retrieved an old idea from memory and failed to attribute the idea to its proper source

Question 50

Suggestibility

Answer 50

the development of biased memories from misleading information