Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

people lose past memories about events, people, facts, etc

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2
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

people lose the ability to form new memories

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3
Q

Implicit Memory

A

unconscious or unintentional memory, memories we don’t know we know (riding a bike)

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4
Q

Procedural Memory

A

skilled and goal oriented actions that become automatic (stopping at a red light)

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5
Q

Explicit Memory

A

the information we can say we know, the processes we use to remember that info (the memory of learning to ride a bike)

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6
Q

Episodic Memory

A

a person’s memory of past experiences that can be identified as occurring at a time and place (a story, memories of past events)

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7
Q

Semantic Memory

A

knowledge of concepts, categories, and facts (fun facts)

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8
Q

Encoding

A

the process by which a stimuli gets transformed into a memory

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9
Q

Dual-coding hypothesis

A

information that can be coded verbally and visually will be remembered more easily than info only coded verbally

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10
Q

Storage

A

the actual storing of memories in your brain

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11
Q

Sensory memory

A

it’s a very temporary memory system that stores stimuli from your senses

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12
Q

Iconic memory

A

visual sensory memory, being able to look at a picture for a sec and remember some of the details -> lasts for 1/3 of a second

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13
Q

Echoic memory

A

being able to remember the last few words someone spoke even when you’re not paying attention

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14
Q

Retrieval

A

the expression of a memory after encoding and storage

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15
Q

Retrieval cue

A

anything that helps a person recall a memory

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16
Q

Encoding specificity principle

A

any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger a memory of the experience if encountered again

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17
Q

Context-dependent memory

A

based on things such as physical location, odors, sounds, etc

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18
Q

State-dependent memory

A

based off of your mood and how you’re feeling

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19
Q

Reconsolidation

A

the process involved of storing memories again after they’ve been recalled

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20
Q

Reconsolidation functions

A

memory updating and memory strengthening

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21
Q

Maintenance Rehearsal

A

simply repeating something over and over again

22
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

encodes information in more meaningful ways by connecting the info to oneself or to other things in the world

23
Q

Schemas

A

cognitive structures that help us perceive and make sense of the info/stimuli that we receive

24
Q

Chunking

A

breaking down information into meaningful units (breaking phone numbers into groups of 3)

25
Mnemonics
the memorization strategy of focusing attention on organizing incoming info and linking it to existing knowledge or familiar experiences
26
Method of Loci
associating items you want to remember with physical locations
27
Long-term potentiation
the strengthening of a synaptic connection, the more emotional a memory is, the more likely you'll remember it
28
Prefrontal Cortex and memory
working memory
29
Hippocampus
spatial memory
30
Temporal lobe
declarative memory
31
Amygdala
fear learning
32
Cerebellum
motor action learning and memory
33
Long-term memory
the storage of information that lasts from minutes to forever
34
Serial position effect
items first and last in a list are remembered better than those in the middle
35
Primary effect
better memory for items at the beginning of a list
36
Recency effect
better memory for the most recent items or items last on a list
37
Consolidation
the process of forming lasting connections that represent long-term memory
38
Flashbulb memories
vivid episodic memories for the circumstances in which people first learned of a surprising or emotional event
39
Prospective memory
remembering to do something in the future
40
Retrieval- induced forgetting
when retrieving an item from long term memory impairs the ability to recall a related item in the future. When you're only retrieving certain parts of a memory over and over and over again, other parts of the memory that aren't being recalled begin to be forgotten
41
Saving
the different between the original learning and relearning
42
Proactive interference
old info inhibits the ability to remember new info
43
Retroactive intereference
new info inhibits the ability to remember old info
44
Blocking
when a person is temporarily unable to remember something
45
Persistence
when unwanted memories are remembered despite the desire not to have them
46
Memory bias
the changing of memories over time so that they become consistent with current beliefs
47
Source misattribution
when people misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory
48
Source amnesia
when people have a memory for an event but cannot remember where they encountered the info
49
Crptomnesia
where people think they have come up with a new idea but instead they have retrieved an old idea from memory and failed to attribute the idea to its proper source
50
Suggestibility
the development of biased memories from misleading information