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Psychology 1010 > Learning > Flashcards

Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Rescorla - Wagner Model

A

learning comes from the difference between what is expected and what actually happens

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2
Q

Equipotentiality

A

the potential for any behavior to be learned as long as it is reinforced

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3
Q

Non - Associative Learning

A

habituation
dishabituation
sensitization

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4
Q

Acquisition

A

the formation of an association between the CS and the US

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5
Q

Shaping

A

reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior (hot and cold game)

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6
Q

Latent Learning

A

when you learn without any kind of reward or punishment

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7
Q

Premack’s Principle

A

something of high value can reinforce something of low value

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8
Q

Temporal Discounting

A

the value of a reward diminishes over time

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9
Q

Behaviorism

A

behavior is determined by environment not feelings + emotions

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10
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

giving a stimulus that increases the behavior’s probability

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11
Q

Secondary Reinforcer

A

a stimulant NOT necessary for survival

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12
Q

Fixed - Ratio Schedule

A

receive a reward after a certain/consistent number of outputs

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13
Q

Variable- Interval Schedule

A

reward given after an unknown amount of time

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14
Q

Extinction

A

the CS no longer predicts the US

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15
Q

Modeling

A

the imitation of observed behavior

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16
Q

Social Learning

A

learning via instruction or by observing others’ behaviors

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17
Q

Dishabituation

A

if something habituated changes, you’ll notice

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18
Q

Sensitization

A

increased response after exposure to a response that could be dangerous

19
Q

Stimulant Discrimination

A

learning to differentiate between two similar stimuli - which brings the reward and which doesnt’

20
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

when something similar but not identical to the CS produces the CR

21
Q

Negative Prediction Error

A

the expected event does not happen

22
Q

Positive Prediction Error

A

the expected event does happen

23
Q

Vicarious Conditioning

A

a CR is created by watching someone else’s CR

24
Q

Vicarious Learning

A

learning the rewards/consequences via watching someone else experience them

25
Q

Negative Punishment

A

taking away a stimulus to decrease a behavior

26
Q

Law of Effect

A

anything that leads to :) will likely happen again
anything that leads to :( will likely not happen again

27
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Removal of a stimulus to increase the behavior

28
Q

Primary Reinforcer

A

something necessary for survival

29
Q

Fixed - interval Schedule

A

reward given after a fixed amount of time

30
Q

Variable - Ratio Schedule

A

rewards given after an unknown amount of outputs

31
Q

Conditioned Response

A

the learned reaction

32
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

the extinguished CS again produces a CR

33
Q

Habituation

A

decreased response after repeated exposure

34
Q

Associative Learning

A

conditioning
operative learning

35
Q

Conditioning Trial

A

the process of two stimuluses being connected mentally

36
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A

the stimulus that brings a response without learning

37
Q

Unconditioned Response

A

the unlearned response

38
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

the stimulus that becomes connected to the response

39
Q

Prediction Error

A

the difference between the actual and expected outcomes

40
Q

Second Order Conditioning

A

another stimulus is paired with a CS

41
Q

Operant/ Instrumental Conditioning

A

rewards and punishments

42
Q

Positive punishment

A

adding a stimulus to decrease a behavior’s occurance

43
Q

Mirror Neurons

A

neurons fire when an animal performs an action AND when the animal observes another animal performing the action

44
Q

Law of diminishing return

A

the CR increases with increase in the CS only to a certain point, and then it plateaus

Psychology 1010 (15 decks)

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