Learning Flashcards
Rescorla - Wagner Model
learning comes from the difference between what is expected and what actually happens
Equipotentiality
the potential for any behavior to be learned as long as it is reinforced
Non - Associative Learning
habituation
dishabituation
sensitization
Acquisition
the formation of an association between the CS and the US
Shaping
reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior (hot and cold game)
Latent Learning
when you learn without any kind of reward or punishment
Premack’s Principle
something of high value can reinforce something of low value
Temporal Discounting
the value of a reward diminishes over time
Behaviorism
behavior is determined by environment not feelings + emotions
Positive Reinforcement
giving a stimulus that increases the behavior’s probability
Secondary Reinforcer
a stimulant NOT necessary for survival
Fixed - Ratio Schedule
receive a reward after a certain/consistent number of outputs
Variable- Interval Schedule
reward given after an unknown amount of time
Extinction
the CS no longer predicts the US
Modeling
the imitation of observed behavior
Social Learning
learning via instruction or by observing others’ behaviors
Dishabituation
if something habituated changes, you’ll notice
Sensitization
increased response after exposure to a response that could be dangerous
Stimulant Discrimination
learning to differentiate between two similar stimuli - which brings the reward and which doesnt’
Stimulus generalization
when something similar but not identical to the CS produces the CR
Negative Prediction Error
the expected event does not happen
Positive Prediction Error
the expected event does happen
Vicarious Conditioning
a CR is created by watching someone else’s CR
Vicarious Learning
learning the rewards/consequences via watching someone else experience them
Negative Punishment
taking away a stimulus to decrease a behavior
Law of Effect
anything that leads to :) will likely happen again
anything that leads to :( will likely not happen again
Negative Reinforcement
Removal of a stimulus to increase the behavior
Primary Reinforcer
something necessary for survival
Fixed - interval Schedule
reward given after a fixed amount of time
Variable - Ratio Schedule
rewards given after an unknown amount of outputs
Conditioned Response
the learned reaction
Spontaneous Recovery
the extinguished CS again produces a CR
Habituation
decreased response after repeated exposure
Associative Learning
conditioning
operative learning
Conditioning Trial
the process of two stimuluses being connected mentally
Unconditioned Stimulus
the stimulus that brings a response without learning
Unconditioned Response
the unlearned response
Conditioned Stimulus
the stimulus that becomes connected to the response
Prediction Error
the difference between the actual and expected outcomes
Second Order Conditioning
another stimulus is paired with a CS
Operant/ Instrumental Conditioning
rewards and punishments
Positive punishment
adding a stimulus to decrease a behavior’s occurance
Mirror Neurons
neurons fire when an animal performs an action AND when the animal observes another animal performing the action
Law of diminishing return
the CR increases with increase in the CS only to a certain point, and then it plateaus
