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Psychology > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

-syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitive, emotional regulation or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in mental functioning

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2
Q

What are some stereotypes of psychological disorders

A
  • psychological disorders are incurable
  • people with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous
  • people with psychological disorders behave in a bizarre way
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3
Q

Biomedical approach

A

treating mental disorders as a brain disease
-emphasizes that mental illnesses are incurable
-emphasizes pharmalogical treatment to target presumed biological abnormalities

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4
Q

The biopyschosocial model

A

psychological factors
biological characters
social conditions

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5
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

combination of both medical and psychological factors that determines how likely someone is to develop a mental disorder

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6
Q

commorbidity

A

a lot of overlap in the symptoms of mental illnesses which lead to multiple diagnosis

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7
Q

maladaptive behaviour

A

interfering with an important aspect of a person’s life

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8
Q

Psychotherapy

A

primarily uses forms of communication and interaction to asses, diagnose, and treat dysfunctional emotional reactions, ways of thinking, and behavior patterns

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9
Q

Psychoanalytic Therapy

A

-develop insight to why individuals are doing what they are doing
- focus on bringing unconscious struggles into consciousness\
- includes free association and dream analysis

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10
Q

Person-centered Therapy

A

help people reach congruence (overlap between the ideal self and true self)
- stresses a safe and comfortable setting, empathy, reflective listening, and unconditional positive regard

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11
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A
  • attempts to modify maladaptive thought patterns
    -involves cognitive restructuring
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12
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A

-recognize automatic thoughts
- identify cognitive distortions
- challenge thoughts
replace with healthier thoughts

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13
Q

Behaviour Therapy

A
  • attempts to modify maladaptive behaviours and the environments that trigger them
  • exposure therapy
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14
Q

Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy

A

incorporates techniques from both cognitive and behavioural therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behavior

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15
Q

Anxiolytics

A

treatment of anxiety

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

increase GABA activity- inhibitory neurotransmitter

17
Q

Antidepressants

A

SSRIs which increase serotnin levels which prevent the reuptake of serotonin

18
Q

Antipsychotic

A

block dopamine, reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucinations

19
Q

Schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder (person has lost touch with reality)
- mental disorder characterized by alterations in perceptions, emotions, thoughts, or consciousness

20
Q

Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • excesses in behaviour
  • delusions
    -hallucinations
    -disorganized speech
  • disorganized behaviour
21
Q

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

deficits in functioning
-isolation, withdrawal
-apathy
- blunted emotion
- slowed, monotonous speech

22
Q

Biological and Environmental Factors

A
  • genetic component
  • structural and functional differences in the brain ( frontal lobe dysfunction)
  • environmental stress
23
Q

Psychological treatment for Schizophrenia

A
  • neuroleptics revolutionized the treatment but they had significant side effects
  • atypical anitipsychotics have lower risk of motor impairment
24
Q

Bipolar disorder

A
  • experience manic episodes
25
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A
  • requires presence of depressed mood and/or anhedonia (reduced ability to experience pleasure)
26
Q

potential causes of depression

A
  • learned helplessness
  • depressive attributional style (thinking everything is one’s fault)
    -stress
    -genetics
27
Q

anxiety disorders

A
  • excessive anxiety in the absence of true danger
28
Q

Treatment of anxiety disorders

A

anxiolytics (increase GABA)

Psychology (11 decks)

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