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Psychology > Biological Pillars I > Flashcards

Biological Pillars I Flashcards

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1
Q

The Nervous System

A

Body’s electrochemical communication circuitry

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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Includes the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • Everything outside of brain and spinal cord
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
    -Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
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4
Q

Neurons

A
  • Oldest cells
  • make up the basic unit of nervous system
    -communicate with other neurons through chemical signals
  • They act as messengers
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5
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

-Sensory (Send information, afferent neurons)
- Motor (send information to muscle cells)
- Interneurons (communicate between sensory and motor cells)

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6
Q

Afferent neuron

A

They send information from the sensory receptors to the CNS

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7
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Carry motor information away from CNS to muscles

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8
Q

Describe the process of neuron communication

A
  • The communication process is triggered by action potentials where the executors signal reaches a certain threshold
  • once this threshold is reached, the sodium channel allows positive sodium ions to pour into the cell, making it more positive
  • During hyper polarization, the potassium channel opens allowing potassium ions to leave, allowing the cell to reach back to a resting state
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9
Q

Saltatory Spread

A

This allows neuron communication to occur more efficiently by myelinated axons which allows the signals to jump over these insulated axons to nodes of ranvier where impulses jump through rapidly

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances that carry signals from one neuron to another.
They are stored in vesicles inside terminal buttons

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11
Q

Presynaptic membrane

A

Membrane of neuron that is sending the signal

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12
Q

Postsynaptic membrane

A

membrane of the neuron that is receiving the signal

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13
Q

Agonist

A

Binds to receptors and producing a response mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter (drugs)

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14
Q

Antagonist

A

Inhibits the actions of neurotransmitter by blocking the release of neurotransmitters

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15
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Certain parts of brain capable of creating new cells

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16
Q

Brain stem

A

Controls life sustaining functions of autonomic nervous system and alertness/sleep

17
Q

“Little brain”

A

Cerebellum
-Essential for coordinated movement and balance
-Located at the back of the brain

18
Q

The Diencephalon

A

Area that sits on top of brain stem
Includes the right/left thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum

19
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • brain’s master regulatory structure
  • connects the nervous system to endocrine system
    -maintains equilibrium
    -works with pertuatory gland to secrete hormones
    -Four F’s: feeding,fighting, fleeing, fornicating
20
Q

Thalamus

A
  • receives sensory information
  • Visua/touch but not smell
  • “Relay station”handles all incoming sensory information
21
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Planning and producing movement

22
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • Formation and storage of long term memory
  • Seahorse shape
23
Q

Amygdala

A
  • sends signals to hypothalamus that sends our fight/flight response
  • essential for our ability to associate things with emotional responses
24
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A
  • outer layer of brain
25
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connects the hemispheres

26
Q

Occipital lobe

A

-located at the back of brain
- visual cortex

27
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Located at the side of brain near temple
Primary auditory cortex

28
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Located just behind frontal cortex
primary sensory/touch

29
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Located at the front of brain
Primary motor cortex

30
Q

The peripheral Nervous System

A

Transmits information to CNS
two primary components: somatic and autonomic

31
Q

The somatic nervous system

A

Concerned with external environment
Motor neurons for sending signals from CNS to muscles
Sensory neurons sends signals from skin/skeletal to CNS

32
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Internal Environment
Efferent and Afferent pathways between CNS and smooth muscles/ glands
-Changes in involuntary bodily functions

33
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Prepares body for action

34
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Returns body to normal state

Psychology (11 decks)

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