Development Flashcards
Windows of Plasticity
Critical periods where we are sensitive to development
How can we learn what infants know about the world?
Preferential looking technique: 2 stimuli and involves looking at eye gaze
Habituation/Orientation: if infant gets bored, they see stimuli looking the same
How do we asses changes in time?
longitudinal design: data collected from same people over an internal of time
Cross-sectional: data obtained simultaneously from different ages to make age-related differences
What is blooming and pruning stages at development?
Blooming is the synaptic growth
Pruning is when there’s an extinction and the cells that are not used are deleted
Attachment theory
Strong emotion connection over a period of time.
Ability to form strong connections to caregivers
Harry Harlow
He doesn’t agree with the idea that the connection between infant and mother comes from the need to feed
Strange Situation Test
Mary Ainesworth
Looks at the attachment between caregivers and children
Secure attachment, insecure resistant, insecure avoidant
Secure attachment
Children would get upset or distressed when their mother left them in a room alone with a stranger and cuddle them when they came back
Insecure Resistent
Children cling to caregiver but also gets upset. The both want and reject comfort
Insecure avoidant
Child isn’t bothered when caregiver leaves and doesn’t cling to them upon their arrival
What affects caregiver-child relationship?
Culture
Caregiver sensitivity
Infant temperament
Environmental factors
Erik Erikson’s Psychological Model
He features each stage as a confrontation of an issue.
He doesn’t believe that the issue is just resolved but it is the most pressing at that stage
Jean Piaget
He believed that children have a unique way of seeing the world
Came up with his own cognitive development that have universal stages
Jean Piaget’s cognitive development
At each stage of development children form a new schema (framework of understanding)
Has 2 key learning processes;
Assimilation: able to bring in new information without modifying schema
Accommodation: modify existing schema
Equilibration/Disequilibrium
Equilibrium: self-regulatory process where children move through development stages
Disequilibrium: When our existing schema is not sufficient and we are motivated to develop more complex schema
