Memory

Question 1

Bandura’s social learning theory

Answer 1

Attention to retention where a lot of learning happens from observing others

Question 2

The information of processing model

Answer 2

Encoding phase: information is acquired from external environment and processed as neural coding

Storage: the storing of encoded information

Retrieval phase: Retrieving or recalling information that was stored

Question 3

Who came up with the multistore model of memory?
What is it?

Answer 3

Akins and Shiffrin

It demonstrates how information/memories move through our brain and then the stops to the long-term
The purpose of the multi-store model is to try to determine the capacity of info we can store

Question 4

Describe the process of the multi-tore model of memory?

Answer 4

Sensory input–> sensory memory (forgetting) > short term memory (rehearsal/forgetting) > long term

Question 5

Sensory memory

Answer 5

brief impression in the brain after stimuli disappears. It only lasts a few seconds

Question 6

What is the name for sensory info? Auditory info?

Answer 6

icon are sensory information
echos are auditory information

Question 7

George Sperling

Answer 7

He completed various “grid” experiments to figure out the capacity to store/ retain information

Question 8

What is the best way to store info into STM

Answer 8

Rehearsal

Question 9

what is maintenance memory?

Answer 9

memory that only sticks around briefly unless you are actively thinking about it

Question 10

Chunking

Answer 10

Strategy to make it easier for information to move to STM.
Chunking separate info into small meaningful sections of information

Question 11

Working memory model

Answer 11

Updated version of the multistore model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch

Question 12

How is the two memory models different

Answer 12

The updated model shows active manipulation of info that will move info along the system
The old model kind of treated short term memory and long term memory the same
It is also did not account for our retention for different types of information

Question 13

what are the componets of the working model?

Answer 13

phonological loop: auditory and verbal information
Visuospacial sketchpad : visual information
Central executive: control center directs attention to relevant information
Episodic buffer: makes information like an episode

Question 14

Long term memory

Answer 14

There is no real known capacity of long term memory
divided into explicit and implicit memory

Question 15

Explicit memory

Answer 15

aka declarative memory
these are memories that we are consciously aware or retrieving and that we remember being made

Question 16

Implicit emory

Answer 16

Memories that we cannot remember forming
they are pulled subconsciously and without having to think about retrieving them

Question 17

What are the types of declarative memories

Answer 17

Semantic memory: memories about real factual information about the world

Episodic memory: memories about personal information. These are like episodes being played in our heads

Question 18

Autobiographical memory

Answer 18

HSAM is a condition where these individuals remember with high degree of clarity of every semantic/episodic memory they have

Question 19

What are the types of implicit memories

Answer 19

classical conditioning, priming (filling in the blanks), procedural memory (moto skills)

Question 20

medial temporal lobe

Answer 20

critical for episodic and spatial memory; encoding, consolidation, and retrieval

Question 21

what is the significance of the hippocampus and spatial memory

Answer 21

Formation of cognitive maps
parts of hippocampus that fire when they reach a place they are looking for

Question 22

Memory retrieval

Answer 22

Anything that helps someone recall information from memory and which is triggered when we are in similar situations from the past

Question 23

Context dependent memory

Answer 23

memory enhancement that occurs when the recall situation is similar to encoding information
Triggered by physical location or music

Question 24

State dependent memory

Answer 24

Retrieval triggered by moods/ emotions

Question 25

where are memories stored

Answer 25

they are mental representations, stored in the networks of neurons

Question 26

schema

Answer 26

-framework of what we hang new info on
- when we connect new info to pre-existing information as a way to understand this new information
-schema are important for storing information into our long-term mempry

Question 27

Serial position curve

Answer 27

the tendency to remember things that come first (primacy) and last (recency)

Question 28

confabulation

Answer 28

recounting false information that did not happen

Question 29

Proactive interference

Answer 29

when old info inhibits the ability to remember new information

Question 30

Retroactive Interference

Answer 30

When new info interferes with the ability to remember old info