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Psychology > Sensation And Perception > Flashcards

Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Detection of external stimuli

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2
Q

Perception

A

Processing/interpretation of sensory signals in the brain

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3
Q

Sensory Threshold

A

How much of a stimulus does there have to be for us to notice it
Includes absolute and difference threshold

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4
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

The minimum intensity of a stimulation before experiencing a sensation

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5
Q

Difference Threshold

A

The just noticeable difference between two stimuli (a change)

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6
Q

What is the stimuli for taste? Where are these receptors located

A

Chemical substances that dissolve in our mouths on taste buds

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7
Q

What is the stimuli for smell? Where are they located

A

mucus membrane that is embedded in the nasal cavitity

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8
Q

Olfactory Epithelium

A

Thin layer of tissue embedded with smell receptors which transmit info to olfactory bud, the centre for smell

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9
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A

Receives info from smell, taste, and visual systems
Flavor perception

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10
Q

Vestibular System

A

Stabilizes vision when we turn our head. Located in the inner ear

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11
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Respond to mechanical distortion or pressure

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12
Q

Where are the most sensitive mechanoreceptors located?

A

Cochlea

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13
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Processing area for touch/sensation located in the parietal lobe

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14
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Boundary between the primary motor and sensory cortex

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15
Q

Nociceptors

A

Areas that pick up nerve endings associated with pain

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16
Q

Gate Control Theory of Pain

A

For pain to be experienced, pain receptors must be activated and a neural gate opens so that pain can be recognized

17
Q

Cornea

A

Works to collect light rays to focus on retina

18
Q

Optic disk

A

Where info leaves the eye

19
Q

Why is the optic disk a blind spot?

A

The optic disk does not have receptor regions so it can’t pick anything up

20
Q

Accommodation

A

Muscles change the shape of the lens so they can flatten so it can focus on distant objects and thicken to focus on closer objects

21
Q

Transduction

A

Light to chemical information

22
Q

Photoreceptors

A

converts the energy from light particles into a chemical reaction that produces electrical signal

23
Q

Rods

A

Retinal cells that respond to low light levels and results in black and white perception

24
Q

Cones

A

Retinal cells that respond to high levels of light
Results in colour perception

25
Q

What does visual transmission look like?

A

Begins at rod and cones»»> move to horizontal cells»»arrives at ganglian cells/ optic nerve

26
Q

What are the three types of cones?

A

S cones» blue (short wave lengths)
M cones» green (medium wave lengths)
L cones» red (long wavelengths)

27
Q

What leads to the waterfall illusion?

A

A fatigue of our motion sensitive neurons leading to motion after effects

28
Q

Complex visual transmission

A

Rods and cones»bipolar amocrine (horizontal cells)» ganglian cells/ optic nerve» Thalamus» primary visual cortex

29
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Specialized for spatial perception
Determines where an opject is
Right side above Occipital lobe

30
Q

Ventral stream

A

Perception and recognition of objects such as colour and shape
Identifies what an object is

31
Q

What are Gestalt’s principals of Perceptual organization?

A

Figure-ground relationship: whatever is not the focus in the vision field is automatically assigned as background
Illusory Contours: We perceive contours even when they do not exist
Proximity: the closer the two object share the more likely we are to group them together and perceive them as being part of the same object
Similarity: Group figures according to how closely they resemble each other
Continuation: Interpret intersecting lines as continuous rather than changing direction
Closure: complete figures that have gaps

32
Q

Fulsiform Face Area

A

area of brain that becomes active when people look at faces
Located at the intersection of occipital and temporal lobe

33
Q

Interpreter

A

Left hemisphere process that attempts to make sense of events

Psychology (11 decks)

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