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NURS 321 > Psychoanalytic therapy and counselling > Flashcards

Psychoanalytic therapy and counselling Flashcards

1
Q

How does being genuine important in counselling?

A

Leads to trust development and shows you care.

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2
Q

Attributes of effective counsellors?

A

Have identity, respect/appreciate themselves, open to change, sense of humour, authentic, give/receives help, willing to admit flaws, willing to admit mistakes, live in present, make choices that are life orientated, appreciate the influence of culture, and possess interpersonal skills.

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3
Q

True or false: populations with higher income and education are likely to seek mental health services

A

True

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4
Q

What is a psychiatrist and psychologist?

A

1- medical doctor who prescribes drugs/works on mental health unit
2- someone who specializes in psych, not a doctor

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5
Q

What is value imposition?

A

When counsellor attempts to define values and beliefs of their client.

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6
Q

What is bracketing?

A

Managing personal values so they don’t affect the therapeutic process. Set aside personal beliefs to support the client.

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7
Q

How do counsellors use their values?

A

Counsellors are mindful of power they hold and don’t impose their values onto the client. Help find solutions that are congruent with patients personal values.

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8
Q

How can therapy help the counsellor?

A

Help them explore their beliefs/values, and they learn to manage differences with their clients/values.

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9
Q

What can health professional gain from counseling?

A

Patience, experience and learn counselling from real practice, manage stress, enhance skills, and confront personal issues.

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10
Q

Why is religion/spirituality important in counselling?

A

Helps to enhance positive outcomes, avoiding discussing religion can harm therapeutic relationship.

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11
Q

What is culture clash?

A

Conflict over basic values that occur among individuals from other cultures.

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12
Q

What is culture intentionality?

A

Awareness of cultural difference that exists between the counsellor/client. Counsellors are flexible in their practice, they honour/respect cultural beliefs.

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13
Q

Prejudice?

A

Making judgements in advance due to examination.

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14
Q

Stereotypes?

A

Fixed mental images of a group that are applied to all its members.

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15
Q

Discrimination?

A

Taking action against people because they belong to a category

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16
Q

Ethnocentrism?

A

Tendency to regard ones own ethnic group, nation, religion, or culture as better/more correct than others.

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17
Q

Oppression?

A

Unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power

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18
Q

How to become diversity competent?

A

Understand your cultural conditioning, examine your biases, self awareness, cultural competency.

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19
Q

What is cultural self awareness?

A

Recognize values that drive action. Reflect on beliefs we have taken for granted to by universal and ask yourself why

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20
Q

3 steps of multicultural counselling competency?

A
  1. self exploration- personal biases/values, seek to understand clients worldviews and be comfortable with differences
  2. knowledge acquisition- understand how oppression/racism affects others, learn about other traditions/values
  3. skill development- practice cultural intentionality, be involved with cultural activities outside of work
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21
Q

What does cultural competent practice involve?

A

Be aware of culture/its influence, learn about cultures, learn about your own culture, recognize ethnocentricity, and adapt nursing care

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22
Q

Johari window

A

Model of self awareness and represent info within or about a person in relation to their team. Each quadrant contains info whether unknown or known by the person/others in the team. 4 quads- open/free, blind, hidden, and unknown areas.

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23
Q

What is posture of reciprocity?

A

Model that enable s professionals to develop and acquire cultural awareness. It moves from awareness to self awareness, acknowledges levels of awareness, avoids stereotypes, empowers clients/families.

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24
Q

What are inner developments goals?

A

23 skills/qualities all humans can develop to live more-respectful and sustainable lives. Inner development= outer sustainability

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25
Q

What is psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Thought of by Freud. Key concepts are view of human nature, anxiety, life vs death instincts, structure of personalities, conscious vs unconscious

26
Q

What is life vs death instincts?

A

Say our behaviours is driven by irrational forces/unconscious motivations and biological drives. life instincts (ensure survival, search for food, orientated humans towards growth, development/creativity). Death instincts (unconscious will to harm self/others, accounts for aggressive drive of humans).

27
Q

3 parts that make up our personality according to Freud?

A
  1. ID (instincts)- impulses that are biologically driven, unconscious, who we are at birth- demanding, insistent
  2. Ego (reality)- mediates between id and superego, logical thinking to create plans to satisfy needs
  3. Superego (morality)- protects us from danger of our own impulses, rooted in parent expectations, includes- morals, standards
28
Q

What is the unconscious?

A

Mind that exists beyond your conscious control. Want to help client make unconscious motives conscious in this therapy to allow for personal choice.

29
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desire, experiences that emerge to surface of awareness. Caused by conflict between ego/id/superego

30
Q

What is reality anxiety?

A

Fear of real world danger

31
Q

Moral anxiety?

A

Guilt felt by acting upside of your moral code.

32
Q

What is neurotic anxiety?

A

Fear of instincts getting out of hand/fear of punishment

33
Q

11 ego defence mechanisms and definitions?

A
  1. Regression- Return to coping strategies for less mature stages of development, like after failing passing the mcat, smith spends his day in bed with his stuff
  2. Repression- suppress painful memories and thoughts
  3. Reaction formation- reduce anxiety by adopting beliefs contrary to your own beliefs, like being angry at someone but being nice on the outside
  4. Denial- refusing to accept real events as they are unpleasant
  5. Projection- attributing negative self concepts of our self onto others, like Emma cheats on her boyfriend because she thinks he’s cheating on her
  6. Rationalization- justify behaviours by substituting acceptable reasons for less acceptable reasons, like failing a test because you didn’t study but you tell others you failed because the professor doesn’t like you
  7. Sublimation- redirecting unacceptable desires through socially acceptable channels (beign mad at someone for killing son drunk driving but channeling those thoughts into a community support group for drunk driving)
  8. Displacement- transferring inappropriate urges or behaviours onto a more accepted or less threatening target, like being angry at your brother but taking it out on your friend instead
  9. Introjection- we accept standard tp be true to avoid scrutiny, like being raised to go to college and we listen because its the correct/easiest path
  10. Identification- we identify ourselves with an image that we see as ideal to our ego, associate with groups/people who we wish to be
  11. Compensation- we dont like an aspect of our self/we perceive it as negative so we develop beahviours that we do like to compensate for the disliked stuff
34
Q

Pyschosexual stages of development? 3 of them

A
  1. Oral stage- inability to try, fear of love
  2. Anal stage- i abiltiy to recognize or express anger, lack autonomy
    3.Phallic stage- Inability to accept sexuality or sexual feelings
35
Q

What is eriksons perspective?

A

Built on freuds ideas that pyschosocial stages are basic human tasks humans need to master throughout their life.

36
Q

Goals of therapy according to freud?

A

Make unconscious conscious, strengthen ego, examine childhood experiences/interpret them, and help clients gain self understanding.

37
Q

Therapists role according to freud?

A

Teach client meaning behind their experience, blank screen approach, helps clients develop freedom to love/work/play, help achieve self awareness and gain control over impulses.

38
Q

What is free association technique?

A

Encourage client to say whatever comes to mind. Open the door to the unconscious.

39
Q

What is maintain the analytic framework?

A

Maintaining neutrality and objectivity. Regular/consistent sessions with consistent fees/environment.

40
Q

Interpretation technique?

A

Point point out/explain/teach client meaning behind behaviour/dreams/defences. Provide in a collaborative manner.

41
Q

Dream analysis technique?

A

Helps uncover the meanings of the manifest content. Latent content (hidden motives, wishes, fears) and manifest content (dream itself).

42
Q

Resistance technique?

A

Client reluctance to discuss or develop awareness of experiences. Therapists must create safe environment to help clients face resistance/understand why it occurs.

43
Q

Transference technique?

A

Core to therapeutic process and aims to increase awareness/support personality change. Someone will redirect their feelings about another person onto the therapist.

44
Q

How is the client experience in psychoanalytic therapy?

A

They are encouraged to share feelings/thoughts/memories. Change occurs through reoccurring sessions and they must be committed to the intensive process.

45
Q

What is psychodynamic therapy?

A

Emerged from psychoanalysis but it’s shorter/time limited. Fewer sessions, less likely to use the couch, uses supportive environments, focus on the now of the client therapist relationship and more on practical concerns of client

46
Q

Jungs persepctive?

A

Worked with Freud and came up with theory of personality based off freuds work. Has a more elaborate explanation of human nature involving history. Focused on the psychological changes that occur in midlife (at midlife, we must let go of values and behaviours that guided us to that point and confront unconscious). He says we are driven by our past and future.

47
Q

What is object relations theory?

A

Concerned with attachment and separation

48
Q

What is self psychology?

A

How we use interpersonal relationships to develop our sense of self. Empathy is central in client therapist relationship .

49
Q

What is relational psychodynamic model?

A

Say therapy is interactive process, therapists should approach clients with genuine curiosity, and therapist client relationship is vital in creating change.

50
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy strengths and weakness

A

S- everyone has background childhood experiences, Stresses intensive psycho-therapy as part of training therapists, eriksons contributed greatly to how social/cultural factors affect people across life

W- costly/based on western values, therapist ambiguity, doesn’t always address social/cultural/political factors that cause client challenges.

51
Q

What is counter transference?

A

Bad thing where you get upset at client, then they get mad at you. Clinician lets their own feelings shape the way they interact and react to client in therapy. Bad for the therapeutic relationship

52
Q

What is PCT?

A

By carl rogers, focuses on strengths/resources, client therapist relies on hip is foundation for change, and challenged assumption that counsellor was expert and client had a passive role.

53
Q

What is maslows hierarchy of needs?

A

Self actualization individuals are self aware, honest, caring, trustworthy, and able to face uncertainty. Accepting of themselves/others, genuine, and they realize their full potential.

54
Q

What is self transcendence?

A

Step above self actualize. It means seeking meaning/purpose beyond yourself.

55
Q

Some assumptions of PCT?

A

People are trustworthy, individuals have potential for understanding themselves/solving their problems, clients are capable of self directed growth, and quality of client therapist relationship is more important than therapists knowledge/skills.

56
Q

Views of human nature according to PCT?

A

Clients have attribute to move forward in constructive manner if fostering growth conditions are present. Significant changes likely to occur when therapists demonstrates support/caring/non judgemental.

57
Q

3 therapist attributes needed in PCT?

A
  1. Empathetic understanding- put yourself in someone’s shoes, grasp subjective world of another person
  2. Unconditional positive regard- acceptance/caring, no preconceived notion of who the person is
  3. Congruency- be your genuine real self
58
Q

Therapeutic goals of PCT?

A

Work towards independence, focus on person rather than problems, goals are client led, and as clients grow they are more able to cope with challenges.

59
Q

What do self actualized people have?

A

Openness to experience, trust in themselves, willingness to continue growing

60
Q

What do new therapists struggle with?

A

Advice giving, counter transference, and anxiety.

61
Q

What disorders was psychoanalytic therapy designed to treat?

A

Borderline and narcissistic disorders

NURS 321 (11 decks)

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