CBT Flashcards
What is behaviour therapy?
Focuses on directly observable behaviour and applies classical/operant conditioning as treatment. Field of BT is vast and complex.
What’s classical conditioning
Occurs prior to learning and creates a response to a stimulus through pairing. Like giving dogs a treat paired with bell then they salivate (response).
What is operant conditioning?
Leanrning that involves behaviours that are influenced by consequences. What occurs following a behaviour that reinforced positive, negative, or punishment.
What is social cognitive theory?
Reciprocal interaction between environment, personal factors, and individual behaviour. Assumes individuals are capable of self directed behaviour. Self efficacy (individuals ability to master a situation and bring about change).
Goals of BT?
Aims to increase persons skills/give them options in choosing a response. Goals are client led/specific/measurable. Goals are clear/concrete and can be altered throughout treatment. Ultimate goal is to increase personal choice/create new conditions for learning.
Characteristics of BT?
It’s rooted in scientific principles, behaviours can be operationally defines, deals with current problems, clients must assume active/engaged role, change can occur without examining underlying issues, assessment is ongoing, and interventions tailored to each person.
Therapists role in BT?
Conduct assessment (behavioural analysis) based on ABC model. Identify specific antecedent and consequent events that influence behaviours.
WHat is ABC model in BT?
A- antecedents: particular situation or event that elicits…
B- behaviour- problematic reaction that results in…
C- consequences- events that maintain behavior
Client therapist relationship in BT?
Collaborative working relationship that has warmth/empathy/authenticity but those aren’t enough to create change.
Positive reinforcement?
Adding something valued by person to increase targeted behaviour like getting good grades.
Negative reinforcement?
When something unpleasant is removed to increase desired behaviour like practicing new coping skills in order to get ride of negative outcomes
What is extinction?
Withholding reinforcements and can occur through repeated exposure
What is positive punishment?
Unpleasant condition added to help behavior decrease (add scolding to decrease texting in class).
Negative punishment?
Reinforcing stimulus is removed in attempt to decrease specific behaviour. Like wanting to decrease picking on sister by taking away video games
What’s progressive muscle relaxation?
Helps clients cope with stress/achieve mental and muscle relaxation. Can be easily learned and should be exercised daily. Involves instructions on tensing/relaxing muscle groups
What’s systematic desensitization?
Clients imagine anxiety provoking events while engaging in behaviour that competes with anxiety. Clients will become less sensitive to anxiety provoking event. Time consuming
What is in vivo exposure and flooding?
Both involve introducing client to situations that contribute to problems. Flood- like in vivo but involves intense/prolonged exposure. In vivo exposure (live exposure) is when clients engage in brief series of exposures to feared events. Therapist will be trained and monitor clients anxiety states.
What is eye movement desensitization and processing? EMDR
Exposure therapy that involves assess, prep, flooding, and cognitive restructuring. Developed to treat PTSD. Helps client with traumatic memories and involves use of rapid/rhythmic eye movements. Less triggering than other therapies and done by trained professional.
Social skills training?
Help client develop skills in interpersonal competence. Involves assess, direct instructions, coaching, modeling, role playing, and homework/].
Self management programs and self directed behaviour?
Therapists share their knowledge/info to help others develop skills/strategies to deal with problems- through books, online, workshops. Cost effective
True or false: homework is often involved in BT
True
What is multimodal therapy?
Developed by arnold lazarus. Grounded in social cognitive learning therapy and focuses on relationship requirements/treatment strategies that will work best for client. Therapist has active role as coach, educator, and role model
What is mindfulness?
Develop awareness through being intentionally present and focusing in moment
Acceptance based approach meaning?
Accepting the present experience without judgement and instead being curious/kind to yourself?
What in mindfulness based stress reduction?
8 week program, trains clients in mindfulness mediation (e.g. yoga) helps promotes sense of responsibility over wellbeing and helps clients live in present.
What is mindfulness based cognitive therapy?
8 week program, integrates parts of MBSR and teaching/behavior skills, kindness and self compassion are essential
What’s dialectical behaviour therapy?
Ultimate goal is build a life worth living. Behaviour change results from replacing maladaptive behaviours with skillful ones. It’s time consuming
WHats acceptance and commitment therapy?
Belen’s acceptance/mindfulness strategies. Seeks to help clients embrace their difficult experiences and encourages practitioners to use ACT principles. Useful in chronic pain, panic disorders, substance use
BT strengths and limits?
S- some clients appreciate structure, BT not emotion focused (important for some cultures), specific/task orientated and deals with present, focus on environmental conditions
W- therapists must be aware of influence of race/gender… on outcomes, therapists may examine individual too closely
What is CBT?
Individuals often have faulty thinking which leads to emotional/behaviour disturbances. Therapy is orientated toward cognition/behaviour and stresses role of thinking/deciding/questioning/doing/redeciding. Helps people identify dysfunctional thought and replace with positive patterns
Triangle of emotion, though, and behaviour?
What we think affects how we act/feel, what we do affect how we think/feel, and what we feel affects what we think/do.
10 key concepts of CBT?
- Active- client actively engaged
- Problem orientated-
- Motivational- therapist motivate client to change
- Psychoeducation- teach client by role model, instructions, role playing
- Directive- treatment plan help client understand/contribute to their recovery
- Solution focused- work to generate solutions
- Structured- session have beginning, middle, end
- Dynamic- help client identify/understand their world
- Collaborative
- Time limited
What is rational emotive behaviours therapy? REBT
By albert ellis, emphasize importance of creating/maintaining acceptance of ones self/others/life. Assumptions (people contribute to their psychosocial problems by rigid/extreme beliefs they hold).
ABC model of personality for REBT?
A- activating events
B- individuals belief about activating event
C- emotional consequence
Emotional disturbance REBT?
3 basic musts that lead to self defeat: i must do well to be loved/gain approval, others must trust me fairly/be kind, my life/world must be comfortable, gratifying and just to provide me with all my needs
Therapeutic process of CBT?
Clients taught skills/given tools to identify/dispute irrational beliefs, clients learn how to replace irrational thoughts with effective cognitions, gives them ability to deal with problems
Goals of CBT?
Assist client in achieving unconditional self acceptance, unconditional other acceptance, and unconditional life acceptance. Also challenge faulty beliefs with evidence gathered
Therapist role in CBT?
Point out/dispute clients irrational thoughts, demonstrate to clients how they reindoctrinate themselves with these thoughts, help clients change thinking, develop good rapport.
Client therapist relationship in REBT and CBT?
Therapist is teacher, teach ABC model, collaborative, insight gained/self defeating thinking is proactive.
Different types of cognitive techniques?
Dispute irrational beliefs, homework, bibliography, psychoeducation, socratic dialogue, and changing language/thinking patterns
Dispute irrational beliefs technique?
Therapists disputes clients irrational beliefs and teaches them how to challenge them
Homework?
Clients make list of their problems, look for absolute beliefs, and dispute these believes. They reflected on how they contribute to their problems.
Bibliography?
Reading REBT self help books
Changing language and thinking patterns?
replace musts with preferences
Pyschoeducation?
Books, videos, articles
Socratic dialogue?
Open discussion between therapist and client that explores how accurate and helpful the clients thoughts are through questioning and curiosity. Therapist does not judge
Emotive techniques?
Rational emotive imagery, humour, role playing, shame attacking exercise
What is rational emotive imagery?
Intense mental practice of imagining worst thing that could happen/describe their feelings, then develop emotions that help manage these worse things
Humour?
Help clients develop and foster a sense of humour and how to not take themselves too seriously
Role playing?
Rehearsing roles to bring about feelings/then learn how to manage them (role playing a conversation)
Shame attacking exercises?
Help clients reduce shame/anxiety over behaving in certain ways
Client experience in CBT?
Focus on clients experiences in the now, doesn’t place value on dream work, clients should actively work outside of therapy on it
What is CT?
Developed by aaron beck, set out to develop evidence based therapy for depression, goal is to help clients become aware of negative thinking that influences depression
What is negative cognitive triad?
Self- self criticism (negative views about self)
World- pessimism (negative views about world, why does no one care about me)
Future- hopelessness (negative views about future, things will never get better)
Assumptions of CT?
clients can access thought processes through introspection, individual beliefs have personal meaning, and people can discover meaning themselves
Principles of CT?
Psychological distress is exaggeration of normal human functioning. Faulty thinking is primary cause of exaggerated emotions/behaviours. Beliefs help determines the distress someone will experience. Change in beliefs=change in behaviour/emotions.
What is arbitrary inference?
Conclusion drawn without evidence. Like loud bang while sleeping then think someone’s breaking into their house
What is selective abstraction?
forming conclusions on isolated detail while ignoring other info (get good feedback from some but one person doesn’t give you good feedback then you think you’re not good)
Overgeneralization?
holding extreme beliefs based on one incident.
Magnification or minimization
viewing something in greater or lesser light than
then actual event
Personalization?
relating external events to yourself, even if there is no basis for the connection. like sister posts on getting job promotion then you think your life sucks
Labeling/mislabeling?
Portraying yourself based on imperfections/past mistakes.
Dichotomous thinking?
categorizing experiences as either-or extremes. Like all or nothing thinking
Goals of CT therapy?
Help clients learn practical skills to make changes to thought/behaviour/emotions. Focus on present problems and provide symptoms relief. Change beliefs and behaviours that cause problems.
What therapeutic thecniqes to use for CT?
Cognitive, emotive, and behavioural techniques
What is strength based CBT?
Developed by christine padesky and kathleen mooney. Shares similar principles of CBT and emphasizes client strengths throughout treatment (more fully engaged client).
What’s cognitive behaviour modification?
Combines elements of BT and CT. Made by donald meichenbaum. clients must be aware of how they think/feel/behave/the impact this has on others before change can happen. Therapist not seen as expert
