Decision making, group think, de-escalation

Question 1

What is decision making?

Answer 1

Involves choosing from different options and reach a consensus. Group effectiveness depends on ability to make decisions.

Question 2

Simple majority vote?

Answer 2

Vote requiring more than half of the group to be in agreement

Question 3

Two thirds/three fourths majority vote?

Answer 3

Requires 2/3 or 3/4 of votes to be in agreement.

Question 4

Delegated decisions?

Answer 4

Giving indivdual autonomy to make decisions with limitation.

Question 5

What is multiple voting?

Answer 5

There are several rounds of voting, and alternatives become shorter and shorter.

Question 6

What is polling?

Answer 6

Helps gather feedback, opinions, preferences, and insights from different people.

Question 7

What is consensus?

Answer 7

Group agreement and is a decision making process where everyone is comfortable with the outcome

Question 8

What is group think?

Answer 8

Problem solving process where ideas are accepted without appraisal/review of alternatives. It involves social pressure against anyone who expresses opposing views.

Question 9

Outcome of group think?

Answer 9

Poor decision making

Question 10

Conditions that cause group think? and symptoms

Answer 10

Time pressure/stress, isolation from other sources of info, directive/authoritative leadership styles

Symptoms- in group favouritism, little search for new info, belief in morality of group, pressure on dissenters to conform to group norms,

Question 11

How to prevent group think?

Answer 11

Use smaller groups, leaders keep personal opinions to themselves, use outside opinions, employ a devils advocate, and teach your group about groupthink.

Question 12

What is conflict?

Answer 12

Disagree to/discord among group members/different group of people.

Question 13

Win lose approach and no lose approach to resolving conflict?

Answer 13

W-L: ineffective way to resolves conflict in groups, increases distrust/decreases cohesion, denying/refusing to listen to other side

Win win: find mutually acceptable outcomes, all people have right to have their needs met

Question 14

conflict resolution strategies?

Answer 14

I” messages
• Disarming
• Stroking
• Role reversal
• Empathizing
• Inquiry
• Mediation

Question 15

“I” messages?

Answer 15

When you…, I feel… . This decreases defensiveness and facilitates more open/honest communication

Question 16

Disarming?

Answer 16

Finding some truth in what the other persons POV and then sharing your agreement, even if you feel they are wrong/unfair.

Question 17

Stroking?

Answer 17

State something positive about person you are in conflict with and this says to the person you respect them even if you are both angry.

Question 18

Role reversal?

Answer 18

Each individual expresses their opinions after restating ideas/feelings of opposing individual. This is useful for resolving both intra (within self) and inter (between 2 things) group conflict.

Question 19

What is mediation?

Answer 19

Intervention used to resolve conflict between disputing groups. Involves impartial/mutually acceptable and neutral third party who has no decision making power.

Question 20

What is conflict transformation?

Answer 20

Process of constructively changing attitudes, behaviours, and relationships. You turn power struggles/anger/domination into mindset of collaboration. Focuses on understanding/addressing root cause of conflict. Conflict can be an opportunity for peace.

Question 21

Contributing factors to violence in healthcare?

Answer 21

Lack of de-escalation polices, lack of de-escalation training, stressful environment, understaff, increase in violence/substance abuse globally, inadequate security, lack of mental health pros, poor working conditions,

Question 22

Triggers of aggressive behaviour?

Answer 22

Sudden illness/hospitalization, staff expectations/behaviour, lack of alternatives/personal space, loss of purpose, frustration/confusion, impaired communication, diminished self esteem and physical disability/pain.

Question 23

3 phases of aggression/escalation cycle?

Answer 23

1. Trigger phase- event that causes stress begins escalation
2. Escalation phase- anxiety builds resulting in emotional response
3. Crisis phase- client experiences loss of self control/reason, violence can occur during this phase

Question 24

Escalating emotions? 5 of them

Answer 24

1- calm: client prior to trigger
2- anxious: client appears tense, fidgety, pacing, foot tapping, irritable
3- agitated: behaviour escalates to teeth clenching, first clenching, cursing, and shouting
4- aggressive: client becomes threatening/intimidating, insulting, destroying objects
5- violent: attempts to injure others- bite, kick, throw objects

Question 25

How to assess for signs of agitation?

Answer 25

Words (what are they saying), tone (angry or calm), facial expression, demeanour (do they seem anxious), hands (what are they doing with them) and other people (is someone else contributing to this event)?