Psych 9

Question 1

Ascribed status

Answer 1

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background and so on

Question 2

Achieved status

Answer 2

voluntarily earned by an individual (e.g. being a doctor)

Question 3

Master status

Answer 3

status by which an individual is primarily identified

Question 4

Role performance

Answer 4

refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role

Question 5

Role partner

Answer 5

another individual who helps define a specific role within a relationship (e.g. doctor+nurse, patients, other doctors)

Question 6

Role set

Answer 6

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

Question 7

Role conflict

Answer 7

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

Question 8

Role strain

Answer 8

occurs when one has difficulty satisying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously

Question 9

Peer group

Answer 9

is a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages and statuses

Question 10

in-group

Answer 10

is one with which an individual identifies

Question 11

out-group

Answer 11

is one that an individual competes with or opposes

Question 12

reference group

Answer 12

is a group to which an individual compares him or herself to. is a standard for evaluating themselves and their behavior.

Question 13

primary groups

Answer 13

are those that contain strong, emotional bonds that last a long time

Question 14

Interaction process analysis

Answer 14

technique for observing, classifying and measuring interactions within small groups

Question 15

secondary groups

Answer 15

are often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall

Question 16

Gemeinschaft (community)

Answer 16

is a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography

Question 17

Gesellschaft (society)

Answer 17

is a group unified by mutual slef-interests in achieving a goal.

Question 18

Groupthink

Answer 18

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspective due to self-censorship.

Question 19

Immediate networks

Answer 19

dense, strong ties

Question 20

Distant networks

Answer 20

looser and contain weaker ties

Question 21

Characteristic institution

Answer 21

basic organization of society (e.g. bureaucracy today)

Question 22

Iron law of oligarchy

Answer 22

democratic or bureaucratic system naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

Question 23

McDonaldization

Answer 23

Shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies

Question 24

Basic model of emotional expression

Answer 24

states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures (Darwin)

Question 25

Social construct model of emotional expression

Answer 25

states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions. (based on social norms)

Question 26

Appraisal model

Answer 26

there are biologically predetermined expressions once emotion is experienced, but there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

Question 27

Display rules

Answer 27

unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion (which emotions can be expressed and to what degree)

Question 28

Cultural syndrome

Answer 28

a shared set of beliefs, norms, values and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography (e.g. Japanese collectivism)

Question 29

Ideal self

Answer 29

who we want to be

Question 30

Tactical self

Answer 30

how we market ourselves to be to adhere to expectations

Question 31

Authenitc self

Answer 31

who we really are

Question 32

Impression management

Answer 32

refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies

Question 33

Self-disclosure (strategy of impression management)

Answer 33

is sharing factual information

Question 34

Managing appearances (strategy of impression management)

Answer 34

refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image.

Question 35

Ingratiation (strategy of impression management)

Answer 35

is using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

Question 36

Aligning actions(strategy of impression management)

Answer 36

is the use of excuses to acount for questionable behavior

Question 37

Alter-casting (strategy of impression management)

Answer 37

is imposing an identity onto another person

Question 38

Dramaturgical approach

Answer 38

says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience

Question 39

Front stage

Answer 39

is where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image

Question 40

Back stage

Answer 40

is where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image

Question 41

Verbal communication

Answer 41

the conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words.

Question 42

Nonverbal communication

Answer 42

is the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expression, and gestures

Question 43

hidden curriculum

Answer 43

the soft skills we learn through social interaction at school