Psych 7 Flashcards
biopsychosocial approach
considers the relative contributions of biological, psychological and social components to an individual’s disorder. Treatments also fall into these three areas.
Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
used to diagnose psychological disorders. Categorizes mental disorders based on symptom patterns, not categorized based on etiology (causes)
psychotic disorder
(-) delusion, halluciantion, disorganized thought/behaviors (+) Dellusion of reference, persecution, grandeur; thought of broadcasting, insertion (thoughts placed in head) hallucination
catatonia
erratic movement
Schizophrenia
(+) Disorganized thought: loosening of association (ideas shift around), word salad (disorganized speech), neologism (invent new words)
Disorganized movement: Catatonia (erratic movement or no movement), echolalia (repeating others words) and echopraxia (imitating other’s movements)
(-) Disturbance of affect (experiencing and displaying emotion): blunting (reduction in expression), flat affect (no sign of emotion), inappropriate affect
Disturbance of avolition (No motivation)
Prodromal phase
pre-schizophrenia: slow withdrawl followed by active symptoms
IF fast onset, better prognosis than slow
Positive symptoms
add something to behavior, cognition, or affect and include hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior
Negative symptoms
are the loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect, and include distrubance of affect and avolition (decrease in motivation to do stuff)
Major depressive disorder
contains at least one major depressive episode. at least 2 weeks with at least 5 symptoms at least one needs to be anhedonia or depressed mood:
depressed mood, loss of interest in activities (anhedonia), apetite disturbance, decreased energy, feeling of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, feeling slowed down, thoughts of death and suicide.
Persistent depressive disorder
dysthymia (depressed mood that isn’t severe enough as major depression) for at least two years that does not meet criteria for major depressive disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
is the colloquial name for major depressive disorder with a seasonal onset, with depression ocurring during winter months. May be due to abnormal melatonin metabolism; use bright light to treat.
Bipolar I disorder
contains at least one manic episode. w/ or w/o depressive episode
Bipolar II disorder
contains at least one hypomanic episode (more energetic and optimistic; unimpaired and not psychotic) and at least one major depressive episode
Cyclothymic disorder
contains at least one hypomanic (episode more energetic) and at least one major depressive disorder
Bipolar Acronym
DIG FAST
Distractable, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas (racing thoughts), Agitation, Speech (more talkative), Thoughtlessness (risky behavior)
Monoamine/catecholamine theory of depression
too much norepi/serotonin in synapse leads to mania, while too little leads to depression.
General anxiety disorder
disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months. May have muscle tension/sleep problems.
Agoraphobia
a fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape e.g. fear of leaving home.
Panic disorder
marked by recurrent panic attacks: intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus. Fear of having attack in public and an impending sen It may lead to agoraphobia.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life)
Dissociative disorders
disorder where person avoids stress by escaping from their identity
Dissociative amnesia
an inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. In severe forms, it may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location (purposless wandering) that may involve assumption of a new identity.
Dissociative identity disorder
occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior
Depersonalization
inolves feeling of detachment from the mind and body. (out of body experience, no psychosis)
Derealization disorder
inolves feeling of detachment from the environment
Somatic symptom disorder
involves at least one somatic symptom (bodily), which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern.
Illness anxiety disorder
preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming down with a serious medical condition
Conversion disorder
involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor of sensory function and is associated with prior trauma. La belle indifference: unconcerned by conversion disorder symptoms.
Personality disorders (PD)
patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least two of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. Generally not as severe as things like schizophrenia.
Cluster A PD
weird, odd, eccentric
Cluster B PD
wild, dramatic, emotional
Cluster C PD
worried, anxious, fearful
Paranoid PD
involves pervasice distrust and suspicion of others
Schizotypal PD
involves ideas of references, magical thinking, and eccentricity
Schizoid PD
involves detachment from social relationships and limited emotion
Antisocial PD
Involves a disregard for the rights of others. Deceitfulness, agressiveness, lack of remorse.
Borderline PD
involves instability in relationships, mood, and self-image. Splitting (people are good or bad) is characteristic, as are recurrent suicide attempts.
Histrionic PD
involves constant attention-seeking behavior
Obssesive-compulsive PD
involves perfectionism, inflexibility and preoccupation with rules. Not the same as OCD. OCPD (I like order), OCD (I can’t stop!)
Schizophrenia may be associated with high levels of ______ (this hormone)
dopamine
Depression is accompanied by high levels of ______ and low levels of _______
glucoccorticoids (corisol), which causes high glucose metabolsim in amygdala and hippocampal atrophy; norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine
Bipolar disorders are accompanied by high levels of ______ and _______
norepinephrine and serotonin
Alzheimer’s biomedical causes
brain atrophy, decreased acetylcholine, senile plaques of B-amyloid, and neurofibrillary tangles.
Biomedical cause of Parkinson’s
decreased production of dopamine by cells in the substantia nigra (permits proper function of basal ganglia). Can be managed by L-DOPA (Dopamine precursor)
