Psych 7

Question 1

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 1

considers the relative contributions of biological, psychological and social components to an individual’s disorder. Treatments also fall into these three areas.

Question 2

Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Answer 2

used to diagnose psychological disorders. Categorizes mental disorders based on symptom patterns, not categorized based on etiology (causes)

Question 3

psychotic disorder

Answer 3

(-) delusion, halluciantion, disorganized thought/behaviors (+) Dellusion of reference, persecution, grandeur; thought of broadcasting, insertion (thoughts placed in head) hallucination

Question 4

catatonia

Answer 4

erratic movement

Question 5

Schizophrenia

Answer 5

(+) Disorganized thought: loosening of association (ideas shift around), word salad (disorganized speech), neologism (invent new words)

Disorganized movement: Catatonia (erratic movement or no movement), echolalia (repeating others words) and echopraxia (imitating other’s movements)

(-) Disturbance of affect (experiencing and displaying emotion): blunting (reduction in expression), flat affect (no sign of emotion), inappropriate affect

Disturbance of avolition (No motivation)

Question 6

Prodromal phase

Answer 6

pre-schizophrenia: slow withdrawl followed by active symptoms

IF fast onset, better prognosis than slow

Question 7

Positive symptoms

Answer 7

add something to behavior, cognition, or affect and include hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior

Question 8

Negative symptoms

Answer 8

are the loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect, and include distrubance of affect and avolition (decrease in motivation to do stuff)

Question 9

Major depressive disorder

Answer 9

contains at least one major depressive episode. at least 2 weeks with at least 5 symptoms at least one needs to be anhedonia or depressed mood:

depressed mood, loss of interest in activities (anhedonia), apetite disturbance, decreased energy, feeling of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, feeling slowed down, thoughts of death and suicide.

Question 10

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 10

dysthymia (depressed mood that isn’t severe enough as major depression) for at least two years that does not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

Question 11

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 11

is the colloquial name for major depressive disorder with a seasonal onset, with depression ocurring during winter months. May be due to abnormal melatonin metabolism; use bright light to treat.

Question 12

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 12

contains at least one manic episode. w/ or w/o depressive episode

Question 13

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 13

contains at least one hypomanic episode (more energetic and optimistic; unimpaired and not psychotic) and at least one major depressive episode

Question 14

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 14

contains at least one hypomanic (episode more energetic) and at least one major depressive disorder

Question 15

Bipolar Acronym

Answer 15

DIG FAST
Distractable, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas (racing thoughts), Agitation, Speech (more talkative), Thoughtlessness (risky behavior)

Question 16

Monoamine/catecholamine theory of depression

Answer 16

too much norepi/serotonin in synapse leads to mania, while too little leads to depression.

Question 17

General anxiety disorder

Answer 17

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months. May have muscle tension/sleep problems.

Question 18

Agoraphobia

Answer 18

a fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape e.g. fear of leaving home.

Question 19

Panic disorder

Answer 19

marked by recurrent panic attacks: intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous system activity with no clear stimulus. Fear of having attack in public and an impending sen It may lead to agoraphobia.

Question 20

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 20

obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) and compulsions (repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life)

Question 21

Dissociative disorders

Answer 21

disorder where person avoids stress by escaping from their identity

Question 22

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

an inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder. In severe forms, it may involve dissociative fugue, a sudden change in location (purposless wandering) that may involve assumption of a new identity.

Question 23

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 23

occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior

Question 24

Depersonalization

Answer 24

inolves feeling of detachment from the mind and body. (out of body experience, no psychosis)

Question 25

Derealization disorder

Answer 25

inolves feeling of detachment from the environment

Question 26

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 26

involves at least one somatic symptom (bodily), which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern.

Question 27

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 27

preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming down with a serious medical condition

Question 28

Conversion disorder

Answer 28

involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor of sensory function and is associated with prior trauma. La belle indifference: unconcerned by conversion disorder symptoms.

Question 29

Personality disorders (PD)

Answer 29

patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least two of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. Generally not as severe as things like schizophrenia.

Question 30

Cluster A PD

Answer 30

weird, odd, eccentric

Question 31

Cluster B PD

Answer 31

wild, dramatic, emotional

Question 32

Cluster C PD

Answer 32

worried, anxious, fearful

Question 33

Paranoid PD

Answer 33

involves pervasice distrust and suspicion of others

Question 34

Schizotypal PD

Answer 34

involves ideas of references, magical thinking, and eccentricity

Question 35

Schizoid PD

Answer 35

involves detachment from social relationships and limited emotion

Question 36

Antisocial PD

Answer 36

Involves a disregard for the rights of others. Deceitfulness, agressiveness, lack of remorse.

Question 37

Borderline PD

Answer 37

involves instability in relationships, mood, and self-image. Splitting (people are good or bad) is characteristic, as are recurrent suicide attempts.

Question 38

Histrionic PD

Answer 38

involves constant attention-seeking behavior

Question 39

Obssesive-compulsive PD

Answer 39

involves perfectionism, inflexibility and preoccupation with rules. Not the same as OCD. OCPD (I like order), OCD (I can’t stop!)

Question 40

Schizophrenia may be associated with high levels of ______ (this hormone)

Answer 40

dopamine

Question 41

Depression is accompanied by high levels of ______ and low levels of _______

Answer 41

glucoccorticoids (corisol), which causes high glucose metabolsim in amygdala and hippocampal atrophy; norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine

Question 42

Bipolar disorders are accompanied by high levels of ______ and _______

Answer 42

norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 43

Alzheimer’s biomedical causes

Answer 43

brain atrophy, decreased acetylcholine, senile plaques of B-amyloid, and neurofibrillary tangles.

Question 44

Biomedical cause of Parkinson’s

Answer 44

decreased production of dopamine by cells in the substantia nigra (permits proper function of basal ganglia). Can be managed by L-DOPA (Dopamine precursor)