PSYCH 3723 WEEK 6 Flashcards
Berlyne’s Two Factor Model
suggests that habituation and boredom play key roles in the mere exposure effect. Habituation occurs as people become accustomed to stimuli, reducing the initial negative reactions and leading to increased liking. On the other hand, boredom sets in over time with repeated exposure, causing negative reactions.
Habituation: Initially, when we encounter something new, there might be a sense of novelty that triggers a slight negative reaction or caution. However, with repeated exposure, we become accustomed to the stimulus, and the negative reaction diminishes. This habituation process leads to an increase in liking or preference for the stimulus.
Boredom: On the other hand, as exposure continues over time, there’s a risk of becoming bored with the stimulus. When something becomes overly familiar or repetitive, it can lead to a decrease in interest or liking, potentially reversing the positive effects of habituation.
Mere Exposure and by who
Mere exposure, introduced by Robert Zajonc in 1968, the notion that the more we are exposed to an attitude object, the more we tend to like it
Perceptual Fluency:
the ease with which information is processed; greater ease represents
greater fluency
Emotion learning
associate feelings with an object based on our experiences with it.
Let’s say you go to a theme park with your friends and have a fantastic time riding roller coasters, playing games, and eating delicious snacks. Throughout the day, you feel excitement, joy, and happiness.
Now, every time you think about going to that theme park or see its advertisements, you associate it with those positive emotions you felt during your visit.
Evaluative Conditioning
It’s when we learn to like or dislike something because it’s paired with something else that makes us feel good or bad.
Imagine every time you eat your favorite candy, someone plays your favorite song. After a while, you start to feel happy whenever you hear that song because it reminds you of eating your favorite candy.
Behavioral Conditioning
when you learn to do or not do something based on what happens after you do it.
If every time you clean your room, your parents give you a reward like extra playtime, you’ll probably clean your room more often because you like the reward.
Observational Conditioning
It’s when we learn by watching others and seeing what happens to them.
Let’s say your little brother touches something hot and burns himself. You see this and learn not to touch hot things because you don’t want to get burned like he did.
Mood Congruence Effect
Expressing attitudes that match how you feel at the moment.
Classical conditioning
Learning by repeatedly connecting a trigger with a natural response, like salivating when you smell food.
conditioned stimulus
A trigger paired with something else that creates a feeling, like a bell ringing before dinner makes you hungry
Demand characteristics
Features of a study that hint at what’s being tested, affecting how participants act.
Exposure (evaluative) conditioning
Showing something with a feeling attached, like seeing a logo with positive music.
Habituation
Getting used to something after seeing it often, like not jumping at loud noises after living in a noisy city.
Hedonic Contingency Model and who
petty
It suggests that when happy, people pay attention to messages that keep them feeling good.
Incidental affect
Feeling influenced by a mood that’s not directly related to what’s being thought about
Imagine you’re feeling frustrated because you had a disagreement with a friend earlier in the day. Later, you go to the grocery store to do your shopping. Despite the fact that the grocery shopping task has nothing to do with the disagreement you had, your frustration from the earlier argument might influence your shopping behavior. You might find yourself less patient etc
