PSYCH 3723 WEEK 2 Flashcards
C A B
Cognition (the beliefs, thoughts, and attributes we associate with an object)
Affect (feelings or emotions linked to an attitude object.)
Behavior (past behaviors or experiences)
Thought listing
List thoughts about the attitude object, usually in response to a persuasive message
Belief Rating
Belief rating is a simple way to measure how strongly someone believes in something. It’s like giving a score to show how much you trust or accept a particular idea, concept, or statement.
Unidimensional View
Attitudes are tendencies to feel positively OR negatively about an attitude object
Bidimensional View
andwho made it
Attitudes reflect varying amounts of favourability toward an object AND varying amounts of unfavourability toward an object
scott 1968
Scott (1986)
Favourability and Unfavourability are distinct concepts
Scott proposed the idea that attitudes can be viewed unidimensionally or bidimensionally
Kaplan (1972)
Kaplan added a way to measure attitudes more precisely. Instead of just asking if you like or dislike something, his method measured how much you like it on a positive scale and how much you dislike it on a negative scale.
Ambivalence
Having mixed feelings or conflicting attitudes toward a particular object, idea, or concept.
Seminal Theory
andby who
Attitudes serve three functions
Object appraisal (Summary of positive or negative attributes of objects)
Social-adjustive function (How we act with people we like or dislike)
Externalization (Internal conflict defense - e.g. dont like something that you are not good at)
Smith, Bruner, and White (1956)
Alternative Seminal Theory
and who made it
Four attitude functions:
Knowledge
Utilitarian
Ego defense
Value-expression
Daniel Kratz (1960)
Affective component of attitudes
(THE A IN C A B)
feelings or emotions linked to an attitude object.
Attitudinal ambivalence
the existence of many positive AND many negative elements in an attitude.
Attitude certainty
individuals’ degree of certainty and confidence in their attitude
Attitude importance
individuals’ judgments about the significance of their attitude to them personally.
Behavioral component of attitudes
(THE B IN CAB)
past behaviors or experiences regarding an attitude object
Cognitive component of attitudes
(THE C IN CAB)
the beliefs, thoughts, and attributes we associate with an object
Content-specific measures of attitude components
a methodology using semantic differential scales that refer to cognition, affect, or behavior.
Ego-defensive function
the ability of attitudes to protect an individual’s self-esteem
(internal coping strategy)
Externalization function
(used in Smith, Bruner, and White (1956))
the ability of attitudes to defend the self against internal conflict.
e.g. dont like something that you are not good at
(external coping strategy)
Intercomponent ambivalence
when there is conflicting valence between attitude components
Intracomponent ambivalence
when attitudes subsume positive and negative beliefs, positive and negative feelings, or positive and negative behaviors
Knowledge function
the ability of attitudes to organize information about attitude objects
Multicomponent Model
attitudes are evaluations of an object that summarize cognitive, affective, and behavioral information.
Need for affect
the tendency to seek out and enjoy emotional experiences
Object-appraisal function
Summary of positive or negative attributes of objects
Open-ended measures of attitude components
a technique that asks participants to freely list beliefs, feelings, or behaviors linked to their attitude.
Potential (or objective) ambivalence
a state of conflict that exists when people simultaneously possess positive and negative evaluations of an attitudinal object.
Response polarization
extreme responses to an attitude object based on its current positivity or negativity.
Self-monitoring orientation
individual differences in how people vary their behavior to suit the situation.
Social-adjustment function
the ability of attitudes to help us identify with people whom we like and to dissociate from people whom we dislike.
Utilitarian function
the ability of attitudes to maximize rewards and minimize punishments obtained from attitude objects.
Value-expressive function
the ability of an attitude to express an individual’s self-concept and central values
