PSYCH 3723 WEEK 2

Question 1

C A B

Answer 1

Cognition (the beliefs, thoughts, and attributes we associate with an object)
Affect (feelings or emotions linked to an attitude object.)
Behavior (past behaviors or experiences)

Question 2

Thought listing

Answer 2

List thoughts about the attitude object, usually in response to a persuasive message

Question 3

Belief Rating

Answer 3

Belief rating is a simple way to measure how strongly someone believes in something. It’s like giving a score to show how much you trust or accept a particular idea, concept, or statement.

Question 4

Unidimensional View

Answer 4

Attitudes are tendencies to feel positively OR negatively about an attitude object

Question 5

Bidimensional View

andwho made it

Answer 5

Attitudes reflect varying amounts of favourability toward an object AND varying amounts of unfavourability toward an object

scott 1968

Question 6

Scott (1986)

Answer 6

Favourability and Unfavourability are distinct concepts

Scott proposed the idea that attitudes can be viewed unidimensionally or bidimensionally

Question 7

Kaplan (1972)

Answer 7

Kaplan added a way to measure attitudes more precisely. Instead of just asking if you like or dislike something, his method measured how much you like it on a positive scale and how much you dislike it on a negative scale.

Question 8

Ambivalence

Answer 8

Having mixed feelings or conflicting attitudes toward a particular object, idea, or concept.

Question 9

Seminal Theory
andby who

Answer 9

Attitudes serve three functions
Object appraisal (Summary of positive or negative attributes of objects)

Social-adjustive function (How we act with people we like or dislike)

Externalization (Internal conflict defense - e.g. dont like something that you are not good at)

Smith, Bruner, and White (1956)

Question 10

Alternative Seminal Theory
and who made it

Answer 10

Four attitude functions:
Knowledge
Utilitarian
Ego defense
Value-expression

Daniel Kratz (1960)

Question 11

Affective component of attitudes

(THE A IN C A B)

Answer 11

feelings or emotions linked to an attitude object.

Question 12

Attitudinal ambivalence

Answer 12

the existence of many positive AND many negative elements in an attitude.

Question 13

Attitude certainty

Answer 13

individuals’ degree of certainty and confidence in their attitude

Question 14

Attitude importance

Answer 14

individuals’ judgments about the significance of their attitude to them personally.

Question 15

Behavioral component of attitudes
(THE B IN CAB)

Answer 15

past behaviors or experiences regarding an attitude object

Question 16

Cognitive component of attitudes
(THE C IN CAB)

Answer 16

the beliefs, thoughts, and attributes we associate with an object

Question 17

Content-specific measures of attitude components

Answer 17

a methodology using semantic differential scales that refer to cognition, affect, or behavior.

Question 18

Ego-defensive function

Answer 18

the ability of attitudes to protect an individual’s self-esteem

(internal coping strategy)

Question 19

Externalization function

(used in Smith, Bruner, and White (1956))

Answer 19

the ability of attitudes to defend the self against internal conflict.

e.g. dont like something that you are not good at

(external coping strategy)

Question 20

Intercomponent ambivalence

Answer 20

when there is conflicting valence between attitude components

Question 21

Intracomponent ambivalence

Answer 21

when attitudes subsume positive and negative beliefs, positive and negative feelings, or positive and negative behaviors

Question 22

Knowledge function

Answer 22

the ability of attitudes to organize information about attitude objects

Question 23

Multicomponent Model

Answer 23

attitudes are evaluations of an object that summarize cognitive, affective, and behavioral information.

Question 24

Need for affect

Answer 24

the tendency to seek out and enjoy emotional experiences

Question 25

Object-appraisal function

Answer 25

Summary of positive or negative attributes of objects

Question 26

Open-ended measures of attitude components

Answer 26

a technique that asks participants to freely list beliefs, feelings, or behaviors linked to their attitude.

Question 27

Potential (or objective) ambivalence

Answer 27

a state of conflict that exists when people simultaneously possess positive and negative evaluations of an attitudinal object.

Question 28

Response polarization

Answer 28

extreme responses to an attitude object based on its current positivity or negativity.

Question 29

Self-monitoring orientation

Answer 29

individual differences in how people vary their behavior to suit the situation.

Question 30

Social-adjustment function

Answer 30

the ability of attitudes to help us identify with people whom we like and to dissociate from people whom we dislike.

Question 31

Utilitarian function

Answer 31

the ability of attitudes to maximize rewards and minimize punishments obtained from attitude objects.

Question 32

Value-expressive function

Answer 32

the ability of an attitude to express an individual’s self-concept and central values