PSYCH 3723 WEEK 1 Flashcards
AMP
Affect Misattribution Paradigm
measures attitudes by evaluating how people’s emotional reactions to one stimulus influence their assessments of another stimulus.
For example, if you see a neutral image immediately followed by a positive or negative image, you might misattribute some of the emotional response from the second image to the first one, even though it didn’t actually evoke that emotion.
Attitude
an overall evaluation of an object that is based on cognitive, affective, and behavioral information.
Attitude accessibility
the ease of retrieval of the attitude from memory.
Attitude content
the types of information that influence attitudes.
Attitude strength
Attitude strength refers to the intensity, stability, and importance of an individual’s attitude toward a particular object or idea.
Attitude objects
anything we form opinions about
Attitude valence
Attitude valence is whether you feel positively, negatively, or neutrally about something. It’s like whether you like it, dislike it, or feel neutral towards it.
Cognitive dissonance
Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling or tension that arises when a person holds conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
example: You want to be healthy, but you don’t exercise regularly or eat a nutritious diet
EAI scales
Equal Appearing Interval scales
An EAI scale ensures that the increments between each point on the scale are perceived as equal by users. So, as respondents move up or down the scale, the changes in liking or disliking should feel consistent and gradual, with each point representing a similar change in perception. This helps maintain the reliability and validity of the scale in measuring attitudes, preferences, or perceptions.
ERPs
(Event-Related Potentials)
brain signals that occur in response to specific events, like seeing a picture or hearing a sound.
Explicit measures
Techniques directly asking individuals about their attitudes.
Extrapersonal associations
Awareness of others’ thoughts or feelings about an attitude object.
Facial EMG
(Facial Electromyography)
Assesses muscle activity in facial expressions.
fMRI:
(Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Measures brain oxygen utilization.
GSR
(Galvanic Skin Response)
Assesses activity in hand sweat glands.
IAT
(Implicit Association Test)
An implicit measure examining the effects of pairing attitude objects with positive or negative targets without individuals’ awareness.
Imagine you’re asked to quickly associate flowers with either positive or negative words. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) would measure how fast you link flowers with the positive words compared to negative ones, revealing your subconscious feelings about flowers without you being fully aware of it.
Implicit measures
Techniques assessing attitudes without individuals’ conscious awareness.
Likert scales
Self-report measures asking respondents to rate their agreement or disagreement with statements.
Measurement reliability
The extent to which test scores are free from errors.
Measurement validity
The degree to which test scores accurately assess the intended construct
Personalized IAT
An implicit measure examining effects of pairing attitude objects with positive or negative targets while considering personal attitude valence.
Semantic differential scales
Self-report measures using bipolar scales anchored by oppositely valenced adjectives.
Social cognition
How individuals process and elaborate on socially relevant information.
Social cognition is basically how people think about and understand information that’s related to social situations or interactions. It’s like how your brain processes and makes sense of things that involve other people.
