PSYCH 3723 WEEK 1

Question 1

AMP

Answer 1

Affect Misattribution Paradigm
measures attitudes by evaluating how people’s emotional reactions to one stimulus influence their assessments of another stimulus.

For example, if you see a neutral image immediately followed by a positive or negative image, you might misattribute some of the emotional response from the second image to the first one, even though it didn’t actually evoke that emotion.

Question 2

Attitude

Answer 2

an overall evaluation of an object that is based on cognitive, affective, and behavioral information.

Question 3

Attitude accessibility

Answer 3

the ease of retrieval of the attitude from memory.

Question 4

Attitude content

Answer 4

the types of information that influence attitudes.

Question 5

Attitude strength

Answer 5

Attitude strength refers to the intensity, stability, and importance of an individual’s attitude toward a particular object or idea.

Question 5

Attitude objects

Answer 5

anything we form opinions about

Question 6

Attitude valence

Answer 6

Attitude valence is whether you feel positively, negatively, or neutrally about something. It’s like whether you like it, dislike it, or feel neutral towards it.

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling or tension that arises when a person holds conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

example: You want to be healthy, but you don’t exercise regularly or eat a nutritious diet

Question 8

EAI scales
Equal Appearing Interval scales

Answer 8

An EAI scale ensures that the increments between each point on the scale are perceived as equal by users. So, as respondents move up or down the scale, the changes in liking or disliking should feel consistent and gradual, with each point representing a similar change in perception. This helps maintain the reliability and validity of the scale in measuring attitudes, preferences, or perceptions.

Question 9

ERPs
(Event-Related Potentials)

Answer 9

brain signals that occur in response to specific events, like seeing a picture or hearing a sound.

Question 10

Explicit measures

Answer 10

Techniques directly asking individuals about their attitudes.

Question 11

Extrapersonal associations

Answer 11

Awareness of others’ thoughts or feelings about an attitude object.

Question 12

Facial EMG

Answer 12

(Facial Electromyography)
Assesses muscle activity in facial expressions.

Question 13

fMRI:

Answer 13

(Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Measures brain oxygen utilization.

Question 14

GSR
(Galvanic Skin Response)

Answer 14

Assesses activity in hand sweat glands.

Question 15

IAT

Answer 15

(Implicit Association Test)
An implicit measure examining the effects of pairing attitude objects with positive or negative targets without individuals’ awareness.

Imagine you’re asked to quickly associate flowers with either positive or negative words. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) would measure how fast you link flowers with the positive words compared to negative ones, revealing your subconscious feelings about flowers without you being fully aware of it.

Question 16

Implicit measures

Answer 16

Techniques assessing attitudes without individuals’ conscious awareness.

Question 17

Likert scales

Answer 17

Self-report measures asking respondents to rate their agreement or disagreement with statements.

Question 18

Measurement reliability

Answer 18

The extent to which test scores are free from errors.

Question 18

Measurement validity

Answer 18

The degree to which test scores accurately assess the intended construct

Question 18

Personalized IAT

Answer 18

An implicit measure examining effects of pairing attitude objects with positive or negative targets while considering personal attitude valence.

Question 18

Semantic differential scales

Answer 18

Self-report measures using bipolar scales anchored by oppositely valenced adjectives.

Question 19

Social cognition

Answer 19

How individuals process and elaborate on socially relevant information.

Social cognition is basically how people think about and understand information that’s related to social situations or interactions. It’s like how your brain processes and makes sense of things that involve other people.