PSYC 236 TEST 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is a present-oriented response to a threat (fight or flight), while anxiety is a future-oriented state marked by tension and apprehension.
What are the key diagnostic features of anxiety disorders?
Persistent fear/anxiety, excessive avoidance, significant distress, and functional impairment.
What is the DSM-5 criteria for a panic attack?
Four or more symptoms peaking within 10 minutes, such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and fear of dying
What distinguishes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) from Panic Disorder?
GAD involves chronic, excessive worry for 6+ months, while Panic Disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks and fear of future attacks.
What environmental factors contribute to the onset of anxiety disorders?
Stress, traumatic events, drug use, and learned avoidance behaviors.
How is agoraphobia diagnosed?
Fear/anxiety about two or more situations (e.g., public transport, open spaces), avoidance, disproportionate fear, and distress lasting 6+ months.
What biological factors contribute to Panic Disorder?
Genetic vulnerability, dysregulation of norepinephrine, and high anxiety sensitivity.
How do cognitive biases contribute to anxiety disorders?
Overestimation of threat, catastrophic misinterpretations, and heightened interoceptive awareness.
How does avoidance behavior maintain anxiety disorders?
Avoidance reinforces fear by preventing exposure and desensitization.
What role does the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) play in anxiety?
It regulates responses to potential threats, increasing vigilance and avoidance behavior.
What is the most effective treatment for Panic Disorder?
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), including exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring.
What medications are used to treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
SSRIs (Paroxetine), SNRIs (Venlafaxine), tricyclic antidepressants, and benzodiazepines.
What are the key components of CBT for anxiety disorders?
Exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring, relaxation training, and breathing retraining.
How do benzodiazepines impact CBT outcomes for Panic Disorder?
PRN (as-needed) use can reduce CBT effectiveness by preventing full exposure to anxiety symptoms.
What is systematic desensitization?
Gradual exposure to fear-inducing stimuli while practicing relaxation techniques.
