HLTH Ch. 28-30 Flashcards
What does modern psychotherapy focus on in relation to addiction?
- It includes many types of talk therapy
- Focuses on:
- Loneliness and lack of purpose
- Struggles with identity and behavior
- Addiction as a response to stress or trauma
- Internal emotional conflicts
- Believes drugs help maintain a person’s sense of self, but cause problems when use continues and increases
What are some modern variants of psychotherapy?
- Strengths-based approach
- Brief solutions-based therapies
- Feminist approach
- Narrative therapy
What does treatment focus on in terms of personality change and self-insight?
Focuses on gaining insight into:
* Major life events
* Developmental experiences
* Trauma
Also aims to:
* Identify underlying psychic problems
* Redirect defense mechanisms
* Strengthen sense of self
* Encourage self-criticism
* Build positive interpersonal relationships
What are the Six Principles of Strengths-Based
Therapy
- Service users with addiction issues can recover, reclaim, and transform their lives
- The focus is on individual strengths, not deficits
- The community is viewed as an oasis of resources
- The individual is the director of the helping process
- The worker-service user relationship is primary and essential
- The primary setting for work is community, not a residential facility
What are the key frames used in Brief Solutions-Based Therapy?
- Goal frame: What is your goal in coming here?
- Wishes and complaints frame:What would you like to change?
- Exceptions frame: When isn’t the problem happening?
- Hypothetical frame: When the problem is solved, what will you do differently?
What are the key values and approaches of the feminist approach in therapy?
Key Values:
* “The personal is political”
* Choice
* Equalization of power
** Key Approaches: **
* Consciousness raising
* Social and gender-role analysis
* Equalization of power
* Resocialization
* Social activism
What are the key elements of Narrative Therapy?
- Counselor is a collaborator
- Explores past experiences from different perspectives
- Focuses on the meaning people make of their lives
- Examines language used to create meaning
- Considers power relations the person is involved with
- Uncovers new perspectives on self
- Reframes self as a survivor or fighter, not a victim
- Strengthens positive narratives
What are the key techniques in operant methods for treating drug use?
- Punish behaviors that lead to drug use
- Reinforce behaviors that substitute for drug use
** Two techniques:** - Contingency management: Changing environment to ensure rewards and punishments
- Behavioral contracting: Defining behaviors and consequences, often in writing
What is the focus of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in treating drug use?
- CBT focuses on:
- How people learn behaviors
- How people think about and interpret life events
- The connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
- Drug use is seen as a way to cope with negative thoughts and emotions
- People are taught to challenge and change negative automatic thoughts that influence emotions and behaviors
What is the focus of skills training in treating drug dependence?
Drug dependence is seen as a result of lacking skills needed to:
* Achieve personal goals
* Solve interpersonal problems
Types of skills taught:
* Problem-solving skills
* Social skills
* Interpersonal skills
* Vocational skills
* Stress management
What is mindfulness, and how does it help in treating substance use?
- Rooted in Buddhist spiritual practice
- Involves meditation focused on non-judgmentally observing thoughts, emotions, sensations, and perceptions in the present moment
- Goal: Stay in the present, avoiding past regrets or future anxieties that may trigger substance use
- Benefits:
- Better cognitive control
- Better emotional regulation
- Less stress
What is Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and how does it help with emotional regulation?
- DBT is useful for people with intense emotional regulation issues
- Combines cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness
Therapist works with the client to: - Accept their personal situation
- Make positive changes in interpersonal relationships
- Build tolerance and cope with crises using healthy strategies
What is the Community Reinforcement Approach and how does it work?
- Starts with Functional Analysis: Analyzes substance use patterns, triggers, and consequences
- Focuses on positive reinforcement
- Involves skill development: Communication, problem-solving, and assertive refusal of substances
- Family and close friends are involved in treatment
- Results from analysis inform targeted intervention
What is aversion therapy, and how does it work in treating substance use?
- Least favored form of behavioral therapy
- Pairs substance use with an unpleasant stimulus to create a negative association
- Examples include:
- Induced nausea
- Apnea (paralysis-inducing injection)
- Electric shock
- Covert sensitization (mental visualization of negative consequences)
What is Motivational Interviewing, and what types of questions are asked during the process?
- Motivational Interviewing is a collaborative conversation to strengthen motivation and commitment to change
- Questions asked during the process:
- Disadvantages of the status quo: What difficulties have you experienced because of your substance use?
- Advantages of change: What positive things could happen if you stopped drinking alcohol?
- Optimism for change: What strengths do you have that could help you stop using drugs?
What are the stages of the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change?
Precontemplation: No intention to change
- Contemplation: Aware of the problem
- Preparation: Plans to take action
- Action: Makes the change
Maintenance: Continues the new behavior
- Termination: Behavior is permanent with no temptation and full self-efficacy
Different interventions are needed depending on the stage of change.
