DSM-5

Question 1

What are the DSM-5 criteria for Panic Disorder?

Answer 1

• Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with at least 4 symptoms (e.g., palpitations, sweating, dizziness, fear of dying).
• Persistent worry about future attacks or behavior changes to avoid attacks.
• Not due to substance use or another medical/mental disorder.

Question 2

What are the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD?

Answer 2

• Exposure to trauma (direct, witnessed, or indirect exposure).
• Intrusion symptoms (flashbacks, nightmares, distressing memories).
• Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli.
• Negative mood and cognition changes (e.g., guilt, emotional numbness).
• Hyperarousal symptoms (e.g., startle response, hypervigilance).
• Symptoms persist for more than 1 month and cause significant impairment.

Question 3

What are the DSM-5 criteria for GAD?

Answer 3

• Excessive, uncontrollable worry lasting 6+ months about multiple areas of life.
• At least 3 symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances.
• Significant distress or impairment, not due to medical conditions or substances.

Question 4

What are the DSM-5 criteria for MDD?

Answer 4

• Depressed mood and/or anhedonia (loss of interest/pleasure) for at least 2 weeks.
• At least 5 of the following symptoms:
• Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia).
• Loss of energy or fatigue.
• Appetite changes (weight loss/gain).
• Psychomotor agitation or retardation.
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt.
• Difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness.
• Suicidal thoughts or attempts.

Question 5

What are the differences between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?

Answer 5

• Bipolar I: At least one full manic episode, possibly with depressive episodes.
• Bipolar II: At least one hypomanic episode + one major depressive episode, but no full manic episodes.
• Manic episode: Elevated mood, increased energy, risky behavior, grandiosity, lasting at least 1 week.
• Hypomanic episode: Similar but less severe, lasting at least 4 days.

Question 6

How does Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) differ from Panic Disorder?

Answer 6

Social Anxiety Disorder
Trigger: Social situations
Core Fear: Negative evaluation, embarrassment
Avoidance: Public speaking, social interactions
Physical Symptoms:PBlushing, sweating, trembling

Panic Disorder
Trigger: No definitions available.
Core Fear: Fear of losing control, dying, or having another attack
* Avoidance: Places where attacks occurred
Physical Symptoms:Palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath

Question 7

What are the core CBT techniques for treating anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

• Cognitive restructuring – Identify and challenge irrational fears.
• Exposure therapy – Gradual exposure to feared situations (e.g., ERP for OCD).
• Relaxation techniques – Breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation.

Question 8

How does CBT help treat depression?

Answer 8

• Identify and change negative thoughts (e.g., Beck’s Cognitive Triad).
• Behavioral activation – Encourage rewarding activities.
• Problem-solving skills training – Improve coping strategies.

Question 9

What are key CBT components for PTSD treatment?

Answer 9

• Exposure therapy – Processing traumatic memories (imaginal or real-life exposure).
• Cognitive reprocessing – Challenging guilt or self-blame beliefs.
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) – Helps process trauma memories.

Question 10

What are the most effective suicide prevention strategies?

Answer 10

• Primary prevention:
• Restrict access to lethal means (firearms, medications).
• Promote social support (family, friends, therapists).
• Secondary prevention:
• Screening and intervention (train physicians to recognize warning signs).
• Crisis hotlines (e.g., 988 suicide prevention hotline).
• Tertiary prevention:
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for suicidal ideation (reduces hopelessness).
• Medication (e.g., ketamine, SSRIs) for severe depression