HLTH 237 Ch. 13-18 Flashcards
What is primary prevention?
Preventing a health problem before it occurs by delaying or preventing the onset of substance use.
What is secondary prevention?
Early detection and intervention to prevent regular, frequent substance use.
What is tertiary prevention?
Managing and reducing the effects of substance use in someone already using problematically.
What are the two main focuses of prevention interventions?
Risk avoidance and risk reduction.
Who are the potential target groups for prevention interventions?
- Non-users (those abstaining or postponing use)
- Low-risk users (those using but not problematically)
- At-risk users (those using problematically)
- Relatives and friends of substance users
- the larger family system
What are the three types of prevention interventions?
Universal, selective, and indicative.
What are the three main components of prevention programs?
Knowledge, attitudes and values, and skills
Why are attitudes and values important in prevention programs?
They shape an individual’s beliefs about substance use and influence decision-making.
How do skills help in prevention programs?
They equip individuals with coping mechanisms, refusal strategies, and problem-solving abilities.
What are common settings for youth prevention programs?
- Classroom-based
- School-wide
- Community
- Multiple settings
Who are potential facilitators of youth prevention programs?
- Peers
- Teachers
- Program staff
- Outside speakers
- Police
- Parents
- Professional counselors
What are the three types of prevention?
- Primary: Preventing substance use before it starts
- Secondary: Early intervention for those who have begun using
- Tertiary: Reducing harm for those already using problematically
Who are the main target groups for prevention?
- Non-users
- Low-risk users
- At-risk users
- People affected by others’ use
- Family systems
What are the three prevention strategy types?
- Universal
- Selective
- Indicative
What are the three main components of prevention programs?
- Knowledge
- Attitudes and values
- Skills
What five elements make prevention programs effective?
- Promoting protective factors and personal competence
- Developing knowledge, skills, and supports
- Including family and community
- Building supportive policies and environments
- Ensuring effective program delivery
What key protective factors help prevent substance use?
- Bonding and connectiveness
- Resilience and self-determination
- Various forms of competence (social, emotional, cognitive)
- Positive identity and belief in future
- Opportunities for positive involvement
What important skills and knowledge should prevention programs teach?
- How to handle internal pressures
- Refusal and social skills
- Accurate information about use rates
- Consequences of substance use
- Harm reduction strategies
Why do most prevention programs fail?
- Poor program selection
- Lack of stakeholder involvement
- Poor implementation fidelity
- Inadequate teacher training
- Improper evaluation
- Using ineffective methods
What are some ineffective methods of drug prevention programs?
- Single-shot testimonials by former drug users
- Inconsistent messaging
- Fragmentary approaches
- Focus on fear arousal with exaggerated dangers, graphic imagery, and frightening case studies
- Glamorizing or romanticizing drugs or drug users
- Not tailored for age, setting, or social background
- Passive participation
What are some issues with drug education in Ontario schools?
- No standardized curriculum
- No consistent mandates or regulations
- Many students receive no drug education
- Little evaluation of program effects
- Poor evaluation methods
- Limited evaluation shows the use of ineffective programs and methods
What family factors influence drug use?
- Close parent-child relationships (e.g., family dinners)
- Positive, consistent discipline
- Parental monitoring and supervision
- Family involvement in the community
- Parental drug use
- Parental approval of drug use
- Family instability and conflict
- Marital discord
- Abuse (physical, emotional, psychological)
Why is family programming important in drug prevention, and what challenges does it face?
- Parents directly influence children’s experiences and perspectives
- Involving parents is effective for reaching at-risk youth
- Family interventions include:
- Providing parents with information
- Enhancing parenting skills
- Supporting parents with resources
- Encouraging positive family interactions
- Challenge: Parental involvement is often difficult to achieve
What are the effects and limitations of Antabuse, Temposil, and Acamprosate in treating alcohol use?
**Antabuse & Temposil:
**
* Cause hangover-like reactions when alcohol is consumed
*
* Not commonly used anymore
*
* Require consistent use
*
* Effects may be due to placebo
Acamprosate:
- Reduces withdrawal symptoms
- Makes alcohol less pleasurable
- Most effective for those motivated to quit
