PSTMLS Flashcards
Theories in Behaviorist- Associationist
- Connectionism
- Operant Conditioning
- Classical Conditioning
- Contiguous Conditioning
- Human Associative Learning
- Systematic Behavior Theory
- Stimulus Sampling Theory
Founder of Connectionism
Founder of Learning Theory
Edward Lee Thorndike
Organism forms associative bonding or connection between Stimuli and Response
Connectionism
What are the aspects of Human Activity according to Connectionism
Stimulating Situation
Response
Connection
4 principles of Connectionism
- Law of Belongingness
- Law of Effect
- Law of Exercise
- Law of Readiness
“Connections that are readily made because they seem
to be together”
- Law of Belongingness
“Stimuli-Response-Stimuli or Stimuli-Response-Antecedent Response”
- Law of Effect:
“Law of Use vs Law of Disuse”
- Law of Exercise
The learner must be matured to welcome learning
- Law of Readiness
Founder of Operant Conditioning
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
One’s behavior is shape
through reinforcement
and punishment
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Responses produce by the
organism that acts on
the environment
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Principles of Operant Conditioning
- Reinforcement
- Punishment
- Shaping
- Extinction
- Generalization
- Discrimination
“ refers to any conditioning that strengthens a particular action.”
– Positive
– Negative
REINFORCEMENT
“refers to any conditioning that weakens a particular action”
– Positive
– Negative
PUNISHMENT
- used to teach animals or behaviors that they have never
performed before w/rewards
SHAPING
refers to diminishing response when it is not ff by a reward.
EXTINCTION
- refers to an act of responding to a new stimulus in a similar
way as to a conditioned stimulus.
GENERALIZATION
- is the desired effect that the learner emit a specific response at a certain time on certain conditions.
DISCRIMINATION
Founder of Principles of Conditioned Response or Classical Conditioning
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
“A Neutral Stimulus, when
repeatedly paired with a
stimulus that normally
elicit a response, comes to
elicit a similar or identical
response
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
- Acquisition
- Extinction
- Spontaneous Recovery
- Generalization
- Discrimination
The speed of conditioning may occur quickly if the CS is followed by a presentation of the UCS.
ACQUISITION
Represents reduction or decreasing of a behavioral
response d/t absence of reinforcement.
EXTINCTION**
The response that have been learned extinguished can
reappear even w/o retraining
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY**
FACTORS AFFECTING CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
- Conditioned Stimulus
- Time Control
- # of Trials
Refers to an act of responding to a new stimulus in a
similar way as to a conditioned stimulus.
GENERALIZATION
Giving a learned response to a single specific object.
DISCRIMINATION
Founder of Contiguity Theory
Edwin Ray Guthrie
“A combination of stimuli which
has accompanied a movement
will on it s recurrence tend to
be followed by that movement
“
Contiguity Theory
Basic Principles of Contiguity Theory
- One Trial Learning
- The Recency Principle
- Movement Produced Stimuli
“ a stimulus pattern gain its full associative
strength on the occasion of its first pairing w/
response”
One Trial Learning
The last event or any situation w/c was done last in
the presence of a set of stimuli will tend to be done
again if those circumstances are repeated.
The Recency Principle
Techniques for Breaking Habits
- Exhaustion Method
- Threshold Method
- Incompatible Response Method
- doing an act until it is no longer enjoyable
Exhaustion Method
- introducing the stimulus that is weak, then gradually increasing the difficulty
Threshold Method
The stimuli for undesired response are presented along w/ the other stimuli that produce a response incompatible w/ the
undesired response.
Incompatible Response Method
“ Founder of Experimental Psychology”
HUMAN ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Learning and Memory Through Psychology
HUMAN ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
Founder of Systematic Behavior Theory
“Drive-Reduction”
Clark L. Hull
Hypothesized that
animals learn quickly
if (+) immediate
reward or
reinforcement
SYSTEMATIC BEHAVIOUR THEORY
Founder of Stimulus Sampling Theory
Statistical Learning theory
William Kaye Estes
refers to a number of theories differing with
respect to special assumptions and their
mathematical expression
Stimulus Sampling Theory
Sharing a common approach to conceptual
representation of the stimulus situation and the
formation of associative connections, rather than to
a single coherent set of assumptions formulated to
apply to all the experimental procedures employed
in the study of learning”
Stimulus Sampling Theory
