CELL AND CHROMOSOME

Question 1

are complex structures located in the cell nucleus.

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

components of Chromosomes

Answer 2

DNA, Histone and non -histone proteins, RNA, and polysaccharides

Question 3

the “packages” that contain the DNA.

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

Normally chromosomes cannot be seen with a light microscope but during cell division, they become
condensed enough to be easily analyzed at ________.

Answer 4

1000x

Question 5

To collect cells with their chromosomes in this condensed
state they are exposed to a _________________ which blocks formation of the spindle and arrests cell division
at the ___________ stage.

Answer 5

mitotic inhibitor, metaphase

Question 6

Chromosomes are Discovered by______________________ after staining techniques were developed that made them visible

Answer 6

Karl von Nageli (1842)

Question 7

coined the term chromosome (means “colored body”)

Answer 7

Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer (1888)-

Question 8

a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function of the transmission of genes to an organisms offspring is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits

Answer 8

GENE

Question 9

is a molecule composed of two chains which coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning of all known living organisms

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

linear eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex double-stranded DNA and protein called

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

two forms of Chromatin

Answer 11

• Euchromatin
• Heterochromatin

Question 12

found in a loosely packed state; involved in gene duplication, gene transcription
and phenogenesis or phenotypic expression of gene through some type of protein synthesis

Answer 12

Euchromatin

Question 13

highly condensed and readily visible organization; exist both in the region of centromere and in sex chromatin and is late replicating one

Answer 13

Heterochromatin

Question 14

The unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like protein called
“____________________”

Answer 14

histones

Question 15

Under the microscope, chromosome appear as thin, thread-like structures. They all have a short arm designated as “___” meaning petite and a long arm designated as “__”, they are separated by a primary constriction called the “_____________”

Answer 15

P, Q, centromere

Question 16

is the location of spindle attachment and is an integral part of the chromosome;
essential for the normal movement and segregation of chromosomes during cell division

Answer 16

Centromere

Question 17

these chromosomes have short and long arms of equal length with centromere in the
middle

Answer 17

METACENTRIC

Question 18

these chromosomes have short and long arms of unequal length with the
centromere more towards one side

Answer 18

SUB-METACENTRIC

Question 19

These chromosomes have a centromere very near to one end and have very small
short arms. They frequently have a secondary constrictions on the short arms that connect very small pieces of DNA, called “Stalks” and “Satellites”, to the centromere. The stalks contain genes which code for ribosomal RNA

Answer 19

ACROCENTRIC

Question 20

the proteinaceous structure on the surface of
the centromere to which the microtubules attach

Answer 20

Kinetochore

Question 21

refers to the regular and repetitive physical and chemical process taking place within the cell

Answer 21

Cell Cycle

Question 22

A cell cycle is a cycle which means there is _____________________

Answer 22

no fixed starting point

Question 23

The first major phase of the cell is the
_____________. Then, the second major phase- the ____________.

Answer 23

interphase, M Phase

Question 24

cells are not actively
dividing.; chromosomes are uncondensed throughout this phase

Answer 24

INTERPHASE

Question 25

During _____ Interphase, cells undergo a period of
rapid growth, and the chromosomes are unduplicated

Answer 25

G1 Phase

Question 26

During _______ Interphase cells begin to prepare for division
during interphase by duplicating its chromosomes

Answer 26

S Phase

Question 27

During _______ Interphase the cell again grows and complete the preparation for division (mitosis
or M Phase)

Answer 27

G2 Phase

Question 28

First stage of interphase
 The protein synthesis and RNA synthesis within the cell resumes that was interrupted
during the process of mitosis
 Growth and young cell maturation occurs, which accomplish the physiological function
 The phase during which the cell cycle starts with synthesis of RNA and protein required by
the young cells for their growth and maturity. G1 phase is usually termed as the prior to
DNA Synthesis phase.

Answer 28

G1 (First Gap Phase)

Question 29

The second stage of Interphase
 DNA synthesis takes place; S stands for synthesis
Replication of cellular DNA begins which when gets duplicated with the
cell containing nearly double the amount of chromosomes, the cells from the S phase move
into the G2 Phase

Answer 29

S Phase

Question 30

The third stage of interphase
 There is an increase in the synthesis of the RNA and the protein, which is followed by
another round of proof reading and subsequent repair among the newly synthesized DNA
sequences before the cell cycle transits to the mitotic cycle
 The mitotic spindle formed from the cytokinetic fibers start forming and the cell ensures
the number of chromosomes and the organelles present, which further leads the cell cycle
from the interphase to the mitotic phase.

Answer 30

G2 Phase (Second Gap Phase)