MTLBE p2 Flashcards
Predisposing factors afflicting the body to cause illness or disease. (Host himself, lifestyle, environment and socio-economic status)
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
A state of manifesting abnormalities in the body organs and system functions.
DISEASE
A socio-pathological concept which simply means a subjective feeling of not being well.
ILLNESS
Include spiritual, mental, physical, emotional, environmental and financial
DIMENSIONS OF GOOD HEALTH AND WELLNESS
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
HEALTH
Professionals who are authorized to examine, diagnose, and treat any disease or disorders and maintain the health and wellness of the patient.
HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
Rights of patients that are needed to be respected.
PATIENT RIGHTS
The external and public mode of an unhealthy condition
SICKNESS
Ethical values and moral conduct of what the healthcare providers ought to do when dealing with patients.
VIRTUES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
A state of dynamic physical, mental, and spiritual well-being of a person in achieving his/her full potentials and an enjoyable life
WELLNESS
● An organization of healthcare delivery systems that caters to the health needs of the target population
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
● It consists of all organizations, people, and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. (WHO)
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
PRIMARY GOAL OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
● Promote quality health and state of wellness to everyone
- Organization
- Internal System
- Individuals
- Community
- Healthcare Professionals
COMPONENTS OF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
“A complete physical, mental and social well-being and not the absence of illness and injury” – (WHO)
HEALTH
- A positive endpoint of health continuum.
- Total physical, emotional, social and spiritual well-being that enables a person to achieve his/her full potential for the enjoyment
of life.
WELLNESS
DETERMINANTS OF GOOD HEALTH
HOST FACTORS
SOCIAL FACTORS
LIFESTYLE
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
the interaction of the mind with the environment surrounding of a person
— ex. A person learns how to solve problems
Intellectual dimension
employing strategies to protect oneself from environmental hazards.
— ex. Every individual is encouraged to contribute to a healthy community and initiate better communication with one another
. Environmental dimension
ability of a person to strategize the financial input an output of the family
— ex. Saving more money for the future
Financial dimension
rooted from the fact that a healthy body can be maintained by having good nutrition, doing regular exercise and avoiding harmful habits
— ex. Consulting a physician when necessary
Physical dimension
a person is required to understand one’s feelings, accept one’s limitations and achieve emotional stability
Emotional dimension
- a guide to achieve healthy living — ex. Attend the church every Sunday with your family
Spiritual dimension
TWO CATEGORIES OF DISEASE
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
CHRONIC DISEASE
— caused by pathogens and can spread from person to person by air, food, water, inanimate objects, insects or by direct or indirect contact with an infected person.
— ex. influenza, malaria, AIDS
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
— long term condition that cannot spread from one person to another
— ex. diabetes, asthma and heart disease
CHRONIC DISEASE
VIRTUES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
PRUDENCE
JUSTICE
FORTITUDE
TEMPERANCE
● Refers to practical reasoning
● It is required in the disposition of good deeds by choosing the right course of action
— ex. In case of surgical operations, the surgeons should use practical reason in carrying out surgical procedures
PRUDENCE
- The virtue of being firm and courageous in times of troubles and difficulties
— ex. Medtech students are expected to perform well academically and do their best in their practicum subjects because they will be dealing with the health and life of a patient in the future
FORTITUDE
- Policy of establishing equity with respect to the person and the common good
— ex. Treating patients equally regardless of their economic standing
JUSTICE
- This virtue means moderation and self-control
- It measures man’s will over instinct, which is done by keeping desires within the limits of what is morally good and honorable
TEMPERANCE
VIRTUES ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENTS
- Fidelity to trust
- Intellectual; honesty
- Courage
- Benevolence
- Compassion
- Truthfulness
● This virtue is equivalent to loyalty
— Ex: It is important for registered medtech doing lab examinations to earn the trust of the patient for his/her dedication to work counts a lot.
FIDELITY TO TRUST
● Latin “primum non nocere” meaning “first, do no harm”
BENEVOLENCE
● A virtue that is earned through hardship and dedication to work
— ex. An admission from a registered medtech that he/she does not know a procedure is not a violation intellectual honesty provided that the latter admits such lack of knowledge and experience with honesty and humility
INTELLECTUAL HONESTY
A registered medtech must assume the predicament that the patients’ rights are attuned with his/her scientific judgment about the results of the laboratory examination
COMPASSION
● Reinforced by fortitude
— Ex: A registered medtech should have such quality especially when confronted by difficulties and hardships at work
COURAGE
A patient must assess the competence and fruitfulness of registered medtech in providing reliable results
TRUTHFULNESS
explains that
disease is brought about by the bad things done to others
or by the work of supernatural beings
SUPERNATURAL CAUSES OF KARMA
According to this theory, the four balanced and purified humors are responsible for the normal growth, metabolism, and nutrition of an organism.
THEORY OF HUMORS
According to the
theory, the cause of diseases is evidenced by the
presence of poisonous vapor in the air
containing suspended particles of decaying
matter called miasma
MIASMATIC THEORY OF DISEASE
A disease is not only caused by a single isolated agent but
also develops from a chain of causations in which each
fraction is the result of a series of interactions with other
agents.
WEB OF CAUSATION
holds that the concept of
epidemiology is not applicable to diseases caused by
different factors such as coronary heart disease (caused
by many factors). Understanding the various causative
factors is important in order to make plans and
preventive measures to prevent diseases
MULTIFACTORIAL CAUSATION
According to this theory, contagion can occur by
direct or indirect contact through inanimate
objects and done through long-distance
transmission
THEORY OF CONTAGION
emphasizes original sin, human dependence on divine grace for salvation, and predestination
AUGUSTINIAN DOCTRINE
the belief that humans can achieve salvation through their own efforts without the need for divine grace, denying original sin’s impact on human nature.
PELAGIANISM
Is a theological stance that acknowledges the need for divine grace in salvation but asserts that the first step towards faith is made by human effort.
SEMI-PELAGIANISM
is when a person does or chooses to do an act and that
act is done.
HUMAN ACT
is when a person has no control over an act but still
executes it.
ACT OF HUMAN
can be either normally bad or good, and their
goodness and badness are imputed to a person.
HUMAN ACTS
occur when acts are solicited while the doer of the
action has no control over them.
ACT OF HUMAN
Three determinants of Morality
- Object of the act
- End or Purpose of the Act
- Circumstance of the Act
Hindrances to doing moral acts:
- Ignorance of the Act
- Fear
- Violence
- Concupiscence
MASLOW THEORY OF NEEDS
BASIC NEEDS (Physiological Needs, Safety Needs)
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS (Belongingness and love needs, Esteem Needs)
SELF-FULFILLMENT NEEDS (Self-actualization)
means lack of technical and theoretical knowledge in the
act of doing the work or task or anything.
Ignorance
refers to a person’s failure to use reasonable care
2 Forms:
Failure to take action that a reasonable person would do.
Doing something that a reasonable person would not do.
Negligence
includes non observance of the standard protocol in
healthcare setting. These are actionable wrongs inflicted upon
another.
Torts
is the term for negligence, breach of duty
or breach of contract that causes harm to patients.
Medical/legal malpractice
