ENZYMES

Question 1

enzymes that remove the elements of hydrogen, H2 or H− plus H+

Answer 1

Dehydrogenases

Question 2

enzymes that hydrolyze proteins

Answer 2

Proteases

Question 3

enzymes that catalyze rearrangements in configuration

Answer 3

Isomerases

Question 4

enzymes that catayze oxidations and reductions

Answer 4

Oxidoreductases

Question 5

enzymes that catayze transfer of moieties such as glycosyl, methyl, or phosphoryl groups

Answer 5

Transferases

Question 6

Enzymes that catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of C—C, C—O, C—N, and other covalent bonds

Answer 6

Hydrolases

Question 7

Enzymes that catalyze cleavage of C—C, C—O, C—N, and other covalent bonds by atom elimination, generating Double bonds

Answer 7

Lyases

Question 8

enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule

Answer 8

Isomerases

Question 9

Enzymes that catalyze the joining together (ligation)of two molecules in reactions coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 9

Ligases

Question 10

are tighty an staby incorporate into a
protein’s structure by covaent bons or noncovaent forces.

Answer 10

Prosthetic Groups

Question 11

serve functions simiar to those of prosthetic groups an overap with them. They bind weakly an transiently to their cognate enzymes or substrates, forming dissociabe compexes.

Answer 11

Cofactors

Question 12

serve as recycabe shuttes that transport many substrates from one point within the cell to another.

Answer 12

Coenzymes

Question 13

refers to reactions for which the ony participating acids or bases are protons or hydroxide ions

Answer 13

Specific Acid-Base Catalysis

Question 14

Reactions whose rates are responsive to all the acis or bases present

Answer 14

general acid catalysis/ general base catalysis.

Question 15

In orer to chemicay interact, substrate moecues must come
within bon-forming istance of one another. The higher
their concentration, the more frequenty they wi encounter
one another, an the greater wi be the rate at which reaction
proucts appear. When an enzyme bins substrate moecues
at its active site, it creates a region of high oca substrate concentration, one in which they are oriented in an ideal position
to chemically interact.

Answer 15

CATALYSIS BY PROXIMITY

Question 16

invove breaking a covaent
bon, enzymes typicay bin their substrates in a conformation that weakens the bon targeted for ceavage through physical
distortion an eectronic poarization

Answer 16

CATALYSIS BY STRAIN

Question 17

invoves the formation of a covaent bon between the enzyme an one or more substrates. Also provies a new reaction pathway whose activation energy is lower—an rate of reaction therefore faster—than the pathways avaiabe in homogeneous soution.

Answer 17

COVALENT CATALYSIS

Question 18

model accounted for the exquisite specificity of enzyme–substrate interactions, the impie
rigiity of the enzyme’s active site faie to account for the
dynamic changes that accompany cataytic transformations.

Answer 18

Lock and Key Model by Fischer

Question 19

which states that as substrates bin to an enzyme, they induce a conformational change that is anaogous to placing a hand (substrate) into a gove (enzyme)

Answer 19

Induced fit Model- Daniel Koshland

Question 20

Ideal temperature for enzyme work

Answer 20

44- 55 C which is internal body temperature

Question 21

known as the least amount of energy need for a chemical reaction to take place

Answer 21

Activation energy

Question 22

what happens when the enzyme is subjected to higher or lower temperatures

Answer 22

Denaturation

Question 23

what happens when the enzyme is subjected to higher or lower pH values

Answer 23

Ionization

Question 24

Most enzymes exhibit optimal activity at pH value ______________

Answer 24

5 to 9

Question 25

o the reaction thus is essentially that o the rate
o the forward reaction.

Answer 25

initial velocity

Question 26

• This is the prevention of enzymatic process as a result of interaction of an enzyme to an inhibitor

Answer 26

Enzyme Inhibition

Question 27

inhibits the enzyme outside of the active site, irreversible or reversible

Answer 27

NOn-competitive

Question 27

rare form of inhibition characterized by specific binding at the ES Complex, reversible

Answer 27

Uncompetitive Inhibition

Question 27

inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site, reversible

Answer 27

Competitive Inhibition

Question 27

bind to the active site of the enzyme via covalent bond, irreversible

Answer 27

Irreversible Inhibition