cytogen history Flashcards
_____________ published his investigations into inheritance of pea plants
Gregor Mendel 1865/ 1866
_____________ suggested that chromosomes are involved with inheritance
Theodor Boveri 1890
observed chromosomes in grasshopper cells
Walter Sutton 1900
discovered that some diseases must be inherited
Archibald Garrod 1902
_______________, working independently, suggested that each egg of sperm cell contains only one of each chromosome pair
Sutton and Boveri 1903
________________ and _______________, working independently, proposed that certain
chromosomes determine sex. They show that a single Y chromosome determines maleness, and two
copies of the X chromosome determine femaleness
Edmund Beecher Wilson & Nettie Stevens 1905
_____________ gave the term ‘genetics’
Bateson 1906
____________________ used the term ‘gene’ to describe the carrier of heredity, ‘genotype’ to describe
an organism’s genetic make-up, and ‘phenotype’ to describe an organism’s outward appearance
Wilhelm Johannsen 1909
____________________ proved that genes are carried on chromosomes. He also showed that some characteristics are carried on the sex chromosome
Thomas Hunt Morgan 1910
_____________________ mapped the genes of the fruit fly’s sex chromosome
Alfred Henry Sturtevant 1911/1913
________________ and his son discover that X-rays can be used to study the molecular
structure of simple crystals, such as salt
Sir William Henry Bragg 1912
__________________ published the ‘Theory of the Gene’
Morgan 1926
_____________________discovered ‘transformation’ in bacteria
Frederick Griffith 1928
______________, _______________, and __________________ used bacteria to show that DNA is the hereditary material
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, Maclyn Mccatty 1944
_________________________ finds that the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA are about the same, as area the amounts of guanine and cytosine
Edward Chargaff 1949
________________ and __________________ proposed that the DNA molecule is a double-stranded helix
James Watson & Francis Crick 1953
______________ published the ‘Theory of the Gene’
Morgan 1926
____________________ and ________________ work out the genetic code
Marshall Nirenberg & Heinrich Matthaei 1963-1966
DNA from virus is sequenced for the first time by ____________________, _____________________ and _____________________, working independently
Frederick Sanger, Walter Gilbert, Allan Maxam 1977
____________________ discovered the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), enabling lengths of DNA to be multiplied
Kary Mullis 1983
___________________, ______________________, and _______________ analyze mitochondrial DNA in different human races.
They declared that humans have a common ancestor who lived 200,000 years ago
Rebecca Cann, Mark Stoneking, Allan Wilson 1987
The first Human gene is sequences by ________________ and _______________. It is the gene that cause
cystic fibrosis
Francis Collins & Lap-chee Tsui 1989
The Human Genome Project is launched
1990
Cystic fibrosis became the first genetic disease to be treated using gene therapy
1993
The genome of H.influenzae is sequenced. This is the first complete genome of an organism
1995
First draft sequences of human genome are released at the same time by the Human Genome Project and Celera genomics
2000
The Human Genome Project is successfully completed on 14th of April
2003
Observed germ cells supporting the theory of the continuity of the germ
plasm proposed by Weisman.
Van Beneden, Flemming, Strasburger, Boveri, and others 1883
Proposed GERM THEORY: Transference of hereditary factors occurs
through the continuity of germ plasm (sperm and egg), not somatic cells.
Weisman 1883
Discovery of fertilization in animals.
O. Hertwig (foreseen), H. Fol (observed) 1879
Discovered the Fundamental Laws of Heredity; however, cytologic
changes in sex cells were not well known to interpret the segregation of
hereditary characters.
Gregor Mendel 1865
who Stated that hereditary units are disposed along the chromosomes in an
orderly manner.
Weissman
who Postulated that chromatin, the substance of the nucleus constituting the
chromosome, must have a linear organization.
Roux
Who did the Discovery of fertilization in plants; contributed to the theory that the cell
nucleus is the bearer of the physical basis of heredity.
Strasburger
