cytogen history

Question 1

_____________ published his investigations into inheritance of pea plants

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel 1865/ 1866

Question 2

_____________ suggested that chromosomes are involved with inheritance

Answer 2

Theodor Boveri 1890

Question 3

observed chromosomes in grasshopper cells

Answer 3

Walter Sutton 1900

Question 4

discovered that some diseases must be inherited

Answer 4

Archibald Garrod 1902

Question 5

_______________, working independently, suggested that each egg of sperm cell contains only one of each chromosome pair

Answer 5

Sutton and Boveri 1903

Question 6

________________ and _______________, working independently, proposed that certain
chromosomes determine sex. They show that a single Y chromosome determines maleness, and two
copies of the X chromosome determine femaleness

Answer 6

Edmund Beecher Wilson & Nettie Stevens 1905

Question 7

_____________ gave the term ‘genetics’

Answer 7

Bateson 1906

Question 8

____________________ used the term ‘gene’ to describe the carrier of heredity, ‘genotype’ to describe
an organism’s genetic make-up, and ‘phenotype’ to describe an organism’s outward appearance

Answer 8

Wilhelm Johannsen 1909

Question 9

____________________ proved that genes are carried on chromosomes. He also showed that some characteristics are carried on the sex chromosome

Answer 9

Thomas Hunt Morgan 1910

Question 10

_____________________ mapped the genes of the fruit fly’s sex chromosome

Answer 10

Alfred Henry Sturtevant 1911/1913

Question 11

________________ and his son discover that X-rays can be used to study the molecular
structure of simple crystals, such as salt

Answer 11

Sir William Henry Bragg 1912

Question 12

__________________ published the ‘Theory of the Gene’

Answer 12

Morgan 1926

Question 13

_____________________discovered ‘transformation’ in bacteria

Answer 13

Frederick Griffith 1928

Question 14

______________, _______________, and __________________ used bacteria to show that DNA is the hereditary material

Answer 14

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, Maclyn Mccatty 1944

Question 15

_________________________ finds that the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA are about the same, as area the amounts of guanine and cytosine

Answer 15

Edward Chargaff 1949

Question 16

________________ and __________________ proposed that the DNA molecule is a double-stranded helix

Answer 16

James Watson & Francis Crick 1953

Question 17

______________ published the ‘Theory of the Gene’

Answer 17

Morgan 1926

Question 18

____________________ and ________________ work out the genetic code

Answer 18

Marshall Nirenberg & Heinrich Matthaei 1963-1966

Question 19

DNA from virus is sequenced for the first time by ____________________, _____________________ and _____________________, working independently

Answer 19

Frederick Sanger, Walter Gilbert, Allan Maxam 1977

Question 20

____________________ discovered the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), enabling lengths of DNA to be multiplied

Answer 20

Kary Mullis 1983

Question 21

___________________, ______________________, and _______________ analyze mitochondrial DNA in different human races.

They declared that humans have a common ancestor who lived 200,000 years ago

Answer 21

Rebecca Cann, Mark Stoneking, Allan Wilson 1987

Question 22

The first Human gene is sequences by ________________ and _______________. It is the gene that cause

cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

Francis Collins & Lap-chee Tsui 1989

Question 23

The Human Genome Project is launched

Answer 23

1990

Question 24

Cystic fibrosis became the first genetic disease to be treated using gene therapy

Answer 24

1993

Question 25

The genome of H.influenzae is sequenced. This is the first complete genome of an organism

Answer 25

1995

Question 26

First draft sequences of human genome are released at the same time by the Human Genome Project and Celera genomics

Answer 26

2000

Question 27

The Human Genome Project is successfully completed on 14th of April

Answer 27

2003

Question 28

Observed germ cells supporting the theory of the continuity of the germ
plasm proposed by Weisman.

Answer 28

Van Beneden, Flemming, Strasburger, Boveri, and others 1883

Question 29

Proposed GERM THEORY: Transference of hereditary factors occurs
through the continuity of germ plasm (sperm and egg), not somatic cells.

Answer 29

Weisman 1883

Question 30

Discovery of fertilization in animals.

Answer 30

O. Hertwig (foreseen), H. Fol (observed) 1879

Question 31

Discovered the Fundamental Laws of Heredity; however, cytologic
changes in sex cells were not well known to interpret the segregation of
hereditary characters.

Answer 31

Gregor Mendel 1865

Question 32

who Stated that hereditary units are disposed along the chromosomes in an
orderly manner.

Answer 32

Weissman

Question 33

who Postulated that chromatin, the substance of the nucleus constituting the
chromosome, must have a linear organization.

Answer 33

Roux

Question 34

Who did the Discovery of fertilization in plants; contributed to the theory that the cell
nucleus is the bearer of the physical basis of heredity.

Answer 34

Strasburger