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2C PRELIMS > CYTOGEN > Flashcards

CYTOGEN Flashcards

1
Q

The organisms with only one cell in their body are called

A

Unicellular organisms

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2
Q

The organisms having many cells in their body are called

A

Multicellular organisms

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3
Q

The term prokaryotic and Eukaryotic were suggested by _____________ in the ______’s

A

Hans Ris, 1960

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4
Q

has 2 or more chromosomes

A

Eukaryotes

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5
Q

1 chromosome

A

Prokaryote

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6
Q

has linear shape

A

Eukaryote

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7
Q

has circular shape

A

Prokaryotes

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8
Q

have histones present

A

Eukaryote

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9
Q

no histones present

A

Prokaryote

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10
Q

sometimes have the presence of plasmids

A

Prokaryote

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11
Q

does not have the presence of plasmids

A

Eukaryotes

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12
Q

is not organized into pairs

A

Prokaryote

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13
Q

is organized into pairs

A

Eukaryotes

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14
Q

Prokaryotes first to come into existence about___________ years ago

A

3.5 billion

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15
Q

evolved from the prokaryotic cells and the first eukaryotic (nucleated) cells may have arisen

A

1.4 billion years ago

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16
Q

Essentially two envelope systems and they are much larger than prokaryotic cells

Secondary membranes envelop the nucleus and other internal organelles;

A

Eukaryotes

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17
Q

No Nucleus
DNA molecule,
RNA Molecule and nuclear proteins
*surrounded by ground substance

A

Prokaryote

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18
Q

the cytoplasm of a __________ cell lacks in well defined cytoplasmic organelles; nuclear envelope; nucleoli, cytoskeleton, centrioles and basal bodies.

A

prokaryotic

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19
Q

The ___________ cells are true cells which occur in the plants and animals.

A

eukaryotic

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20
Q

is the basic unit of organizations or structure of all living matter

A

Cell

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21
Q

All forms of life, except viruses, consist of cells; Consists of two distinct areas which in living cells, are in constant motion: ___________ and ____________

A

Cytoplasm, Nucleus

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22
Q

major portion of the protoplasmic substance contained in the cell membrane
- several organelles (functionally important for the survival of the cell and their presence or size may vary between different organisms and different tissues) are found esp. in eukaryotes

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

an organelle where lipid production and some protein translation occurs

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

has attached ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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25
Q

has no attached ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

26
Q
  • a cup-shaped organelle which is located near the nucleus in many cell;
  • consists of a set of cisternae (i.e, closed fluid-filled flattened membranous sacs or vesicles
A

Golgi Apparatus

27
Q
  • small particles which may be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
  • play an important role in the synthesis of protein
    may exist either in the free state in the cytosol or attached to RER
A

Ribosome

28
Q

Structure where most of the cellular energy is produced in the form of ATP

A

Mitochondria

29
Q
  • plastids in plant cell which contain chlorophyll and serve as the photosynthetic factory of the plants
  • both mitochondria and this organelle are found in plants, algae and some protozoans
  • they also posses their own genomic DNA which are circular and are not complexed with proteins unlike the nuclear genome
A

Chloroplast

30
Q
  • unlike organelles, not bound by membranes to separate it from the surrounding cytosol
  • found in most animals and lower plant cells
  • consists of two cylindrical structures called centrioles
A

Centrosome

31
Q
  • hollow tubes of dynamic protein polymers composed of subunits that contain 1 mol of α tubulin and 1 mol of β tubulin;
  • extend and retract to provide shape and structure to eukaryotic cell
  • they form the network that internal components move along to their proper destination within the cell
A

Microtubule

32
Q
  • attach to chromosomes during the early stages of mitosis and meiosis are also composed of microtubules
  • Produced by centrioles
  • Thus, centrosome is essential for the correct formation of spindle fibers and the proper movement of eukaryotic chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
A

Spindle Fibers

33
Q
  • the dark staining body within the cytoplasm
  • contains the primary genome of the cell which is organized as linear, double-stranded DNA that is complexed w/ protein(nucleoprotein)
  • primary director of cellular activity and inheritance
A

Nucleus

34
Q

comprises two nuclear membranes- inner nuclear membrane which is lined by nuclear lamina and an outer nuclear membrane which is continuous with RER

A

Nuclear Envelope

35
Q
  • 1 or more spherical bodies may be found attached to specific chromosome regions
  • the site where ribosomes are manufactured; where ribosomal DNA transcribes most of rRNA molecules
A

Nucleoli/Nucleolus

36
Q

Typical organisms
Prokaryotes

A

Bacteria, Archaea

37
Q

Typical organisms
Eukaryotes

A

Protists, Fungi, ANimals

38
Q

Typical size Prokaryotes

A

~ 1-10 µm

39
Q

Type of nucleus Prokaryotes

A

nucleoid region; no real nucleus

40
Q

Type of nucleus Eukaryotes

A

real nucleus with double
membrane

41
Q

RNA-/protein-synthesis Eukaryotes

A

RNA-synthesis inside the nucleus
protein synthesis in cytoplasm

42
Q

Ribosomes Eukaryotes

A

60S+40S

43
Q

Cytoplasmatic structure Eukaryotes

A

highly structured by endomembranes and a
cytoskeleton

44
Q

Cell movement Eukaryotes

A

flagella and cilia containing
microtubules; lamellipodia and
filopodia containing actin

45
Q

mitochondria Eukaryotes

A

one to several thousand (though
some lack mitochondria)

46
Q

Chloroplasts Eukaryotes

A

in algae and plants

47
Q

Organization Eukaryotes

A

single cells, colonies, higher
multicellular organisms with
specialized cells

48
Q

Cell Division Eukaryotes

A

Mitosis (fission or budding), Meiosis

49
Q

DNA Content Eukaryotes

A

1.5 × 10^7 to 5 × 10^9

50
Q

DNA Eukaryotes

A

linear molecules (chromosomes)
with histone proteins

51
Q

Typical size Eukaryotes

A

~ 10-100 µm (sperm cells, apart
from the tail, are smaller)

52
Q

DNA Prokaryotes

A

circular (usually)

53
Q

RNA-/protein-synthesis Prokaryotes

A

coupled in cytoplasm

54
Q

Ribosomes Prokaryotes

A

50S+30S

55
Q

Cytoplasmatic structure Prokaryotes

A

very few structures

56
Q

Cell movement Prokaryotes

A

flagella made of flagellin

57
Q

mitochondria Prokaryotes

A

None

58
Q

Chloroplasts Prokaryotes

A

none

59
Q

Organization Prokaryotes

A

usually single cells

60
Q

Cell Division Prokaryotes

A

Binary fission (simple division)

61
Q

DNA Content Prokaryotes

A

1 × 10^6 to 5 × 10^6

2C PRELIMS (16 decks)

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