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Animal Health and Disease > Pseudorabies > Flashcards

Pseudorabies Flashcards

1
Q

What is pseudorabies also known as?

A

Aujeszky’s disease

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2
Q

What is pseudorabies caused by?

A

suid herpes virus-1 (SuHV-1) aka pseudorabies virus (PRV)

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3
Q

What animals does suid herpes virus-1 affect?

A

wide variety of mammals (domestic, wildlife, livestock)
- swine are the natural host
- animals of feral populations act as reservoirs

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4
Q

What is the reservoir for suid herpes virus-1?

A

wild swine
- within this population, the virus is spread through copulation

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5
Q

How is suid herpes virus-1 transmitted?

A
  1. copulation in wild swine
  2. oronasal contact
  3. vertically
    - via semen or milk
  4. Aerial
  5. Water
  6. Fomites
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6
Q

What animals are ‘dead-end hosts’? What does this mean?

A
  • PRV classical strain has been detected in other mammals (aka not hogs) that develop the clinical disease but do not survive infection
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7
Q

Is pseudorabies zoonotic?

A

no

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8
Q

What happens to pigs that recover from the viral episode?

A

remain latently infected and continue to shed PRV for life

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9
Q

How does suid herpes virus-1 enter?

A

oronasal route or venereal transmission
- viral multiplication occurs at site of infection

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10
Q

What are the 2 routes of infection?

A
  1. primary route
    - virus enters CNS
  2. secondary route
    - viral multiplication occurs in the lymph nodes and disseminate in lymph and vascular system
    - viral replication occurs in placenta as well
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11
Q

What sites are damaged by suid herpes virus 1?

A

*level of tissue damage depended on which form (repro, respiratory, or CNS) and period of infection

  1. Respiratory tract damage
  2. CNS damage
  3. Other sites: liver, spleen, adrenals, lymph nodes, mucosal lining of uterus
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12
Q

Are neonate pigs susceptible to pseudorabies?

A
  • extremely susceptible; mortality close to 100%
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13
Q

What is the virulence in adult pigs?

A
  • may not show clinical signs
  • low mortality
  • reproduction impacted
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14
Q

Is pseudorabies zoonotic?

A

No
- but suspected cases have been reported in China with ppl who worked closely with pigs

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15
Q

In regards to the reported suspected cases in humans, how serious is it to humans?

A
  • severe symptoms
  • poor recovery (aka long term effects)
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16
Q

What type of environment can suid herpesvirus-1 persist in for up to 2 months

A
  • cool temp
  • water, feces, moist surfaces
17
Q

What governing bodies are responsible to control pseudorabies?

A
  1. Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
    - imposes strict regulations regarding animal imports and their products where pseudorabies are known to occur
    - responds to outbreak with euthanasia
  2. Chief Provincial Veterinarian
  3. World Organization of Animal Health
18
Q

What are 4 strategies to prevent pseudorabies?

A
  1. Diagnosis
    - clinical signs
    - testing: molecular or serological
  2. Quarantine
    - movement control
  3. Discard and Decontaminate
    - infected and exposed animals
    - areas and equipment
  4. Surveillance
19
Q

What symptoms will personnel be looking for to identify sick pigs?

A
  1. sudden death in neonates
  2. fever, depression, incoordination, vomiting, neurological symptoms
  3. respiratory signs (sneezing, coughing)
  4. reproductive failure
20
Q

What would happen if a positive serological test is reported in Canada?

A
  1. CFIA visits farm and assesses herd status
  2. precautionary quarantine enforced with stricter biosecurity
  3. blood samples
21
Q

If an outbreak occurred in Canada, what method would the government issue?

A

“stamping out”
- destruction of infected/exposed animals
- surveillance
- strict quarantine of animal movement
- decontamination of premises
- defining zones for infected and disease-free areas

22
Q

Is there a treatment for pseudorabies?

A

no

23
Q

Is Pseudorabies a List A or List B disease?

A

List B

Animal Health and Disease (21 decks)

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