Pseudorabies Flashcards
What is pseudorabies also known as?
Aujeszky’s disease
What is pseudorabies caused by?
suid herpes virus-1 (SuHV-1) aka pseudorabies virus (PRV)
What animals does suid herpes virus-1 affect?
wide variety of mammals (domestic, wildlife, livestock)
- swine are the natural host
- animals of feral populations act as reservoirs
What is the reservoir for suid herpes virus-1?
wild swine
- within this population, the virus is spread through copulation
How is suid herpes virus-1 transmitted?
- copulation in wild swine
- oronasal contact
- vertically
- via semen or milk - Aerial
- Water
- Fomites
What animals are ‘dead-end hosts’? What does this mean?
- PRV classical strain has been detected in other mammals (aka not hogs) that develop the clinical disease but do not survive infection
Is pseudorabies zoonotic?
no
What happens to pigs that recover from the viral episode?
remain latently infected and continue to shed PRV for life
How does suid herpes virus-1 enter?
oronasal route or venereal transmission
- viral multiplication occurs at site of infection
What are the 2 routes of infection?
- primary route
- virus enters CNS - secondary route
- viral multiplication occurs in the lymph nodes and disseminate in lymph and vascular system
- viral replication occurs in placenta as well
What sites are damaged by suid herpes virus 1?
*level of tissue damage depended on which form (repro, respiratory, or CNS) and period of infection
- Respiratory tract damage
- CNS damage
- Other sites: liver, spleen, adrenals, lymph nodes, mucosal lining of uterus
Are neonate pigs susceptible to pseudorabies?
- extremely susceptible; mortality close to 100%
What is the virulence in adult pigs?
- may not show clinical signs
- low mortality
- reproduction impacted
Is pseudorabies zoonotic?
No
- but suspected cases have been reported in China with ppl who worked closely with pigs
In regards to the reported suspected cases in humans, how serious is it to humans?
- severe symptoms
- poor recovery (aka long term effects)
What type of environment can suid herpesvirus-1 persist in for up to 2 months
- cool temp
- water, feces, moist surfaces
What governing bodies are responsible to control pseudorabies?
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
- imposes strict regulations regarding animal imports and their products where pseudorabies are known to occur
- responds to outbreak with euthanasia - Chief Provincial Veterinarian
- World Organization of Animal Health
What are 4 strategies to prevent pseudorabies?
- Diagnosis
- clinical signs
- testing: molecular or serological - Quarantine
- movement control - Discard and Decontaminate
- infected and exposed animals
- areas and equipment - Surveillance
What symptoms will personnel be looking for to identify sick pigs?
- sudden death in neonates
- fever, depression, incoordination, vomiting, neurological symptoms
- respiratory signs (sneezing, coughing)
- reproductive failure
What would happen if a positive serological test is reported in Canada?
- CFIA visits farm and assesses herd status
- precautionary quarantine enforced with stricter biosecurity
- blood samples
If an outbreak occurred in Canada, what method would the government issue?
“stamping out”
- destruction of infected/exposed animals
- surveillance
- strict quarantine of animal movement
- decontamination of premises
- defining zones for infected and disease-free areas
Is there a treatment for pseudorabies?
no
Is Pseudorabies a List A or List B disease?
List B
