Bluetongue Flashcards
What virus causes Bluetongue?
Orbivirus
How is Bluetongue spread?
by midges
- vector borne disease
What animals does Bluetongue impact?
- impacts wild and farmed ruminants
- more severe clinical signs in sheep
How does global warming impact Bluetongue?
warming temp may allow the midge to persist in areas more north
What are geographic restrictions of Bluetongue related to?
climatic and environmental conditions
Does orbivirus have known enviro persistence?
no
How does Bluetongue directly impact the economy?
decreased milk yield, wt gain, decreased fertility, death
What are 5 different surveillance methods for detection?
- passive and active clinical
- monitor clinical signs of BTD - virologic
- ELISA, PCR, virus isolation - Entomological
- monitor pop distribution of midges - Serological
- ELISA, serum testing, fluorescent antibody testing - Syndromic
- monitor animal health data
Is Bluetongue a List A or a List B disease?
List A
- with the threat of global warming, Bluetongue can spread further so it is necessary to monitor and mitigate spread
Is Bluetongue zoonotic?
no
Where have Bluetongue cases been identified in Canada?
- BC
- Ontario
What are the 2 consequences of BTD spread?
- loss of BTD free status
- economic implications to destroy infected animals, traceback procedures, and loss of public confidence
Why are cattle affected with BTD problematic?
- despite being a host reservoir, the virus does NOT cause vascular endothelial damage in cattle
= lack of symptoms is a danger for susceptible hosts
= virus may remain viable for long periods of time, which can infect more midges
How is BTD transmitted?
- ruminants get bit by infected midges
- can be transmitted vertically
Where does orbivirus replicate?
primary replication in lymph system
secondary replication in phagocytes and endothelial cells
