Lecture 15 - Biosecurity, Disinfection, Quarantine Flashcards
What is biosecurity?
Preventing everyday disease risks faced in production units
What are the 3 pillars of biosecurity?
- Access Management
- Animal Management
- Operation Management
What are the 2 mechanisms for controlling microorganisms?
- ‘stasis’ = inhibit reproduction and growth
- ‘cidal’ = kill microorganisms
What environmental factors determine the length of time a pathogen will be a threat?
- drying forces
- organic matter
- sunlight
- oxidation
- pH
- temperature
- vectors
What does cleaning and disinfection reduce?
reduce the AMOUNT of organisms present in the enviro
How are pathogens preserved?
moisture, darkness, cold
How are pathogens destroyed?
warm temp, drying, sunlight, pH, osmolality
What are commercial sanitizers?
- compounds that reduce numbers of microorganisms
What is a disinfectant?
- a chemical that destroys vegetative forms of microorganisms on inanimate objects but are less effective in destroying bacterial spores
Do sanitizers or disinfectants have a greater capacity to kill microorganisms?
disinfectants
What is an antiseptic?
a chemical germicide formulated for use on skin and tissue
If you wanted to clean living tissue what would you use?
Antiseptic (NOT disinfectant)
What are alcohols good for killing? What are they bad at killing?
- good against bacteria
- not good against spores
What can you NOT achieve disinfection or sterilization without?
Pre-cleaning!
What is cleaning?
removal of debris that reduces the amount of organic matter contributing to proliferation of bacteria and viruses
What is disinfecting?
Removes most (~99.9%) of organisms present on surfaces
What is sterilization?
the killing of ALL organisms (including spores)
If you were trying to remove spores from the environment, would you want to disinfect or sterilize?
sterilize
What is the 6 step procedure for disinfecting animal facilities?
- remove equipment
- CLEAN pens and equipment
- disinfect
- dry
- monitor
- deal with other invasive threats (pests)
Why is washing of pens/bards a routine part of pig production?
1 reason: washing removes bacteria, viruses and parasites left behind from the previous pigs
- most diseases are dose dependent (more pathogens = sicker pigs)
What can cut washing time in half?
presoaking to loosen manure?
What speeds up washing time about 22% if not pre-soaked?
hot water
What are 4 main routes of re-contamination?
- rodents
- birds
- flies
- humans
active immunization
immunity developed by administration of antigen
passive immunization
immunity developed by administration of antibodies
adoptive transfer
immunity developed by administering immune cells
Why is vaccination bad for protection against exotic diseases?
surveillance programs use serology to monitor disease; vaccinating = serologically positive and cannot differentiate btw sick and vaccinated
What is a marker vaccine designed to make?
Antibodies to different antigens than the antibodies that would be detected from a natural infection
- possible method to differentiate infection vs vaccination
