Lecture 15 - Biosecurity, Disinfection, Quarantine

Question 1

What is biosecurity?

Answer 1

Preventing everyday disease risks faced in production units

Question 2

What are the 3 pillars of biosecurity?

Answer 2

1. Access Management
2. Animal Management
3. Operation Management

Question 3

What are the 2 mechanisms for controlling microorganisms?

Answer 3

1. ‘stasis’ = inhibit reproduction and growth
2. ‘cidal’ = kill microorganisms

Question 4

What environmental factors determine the length of time a pathogen will be a threat?

Answer 4

1. drying forces
2. organic matter
3. sunlight
4. oxidation
5. pH
6. temperature
7. vectors

Question 5

What does cleaning and disinfection reduce?

Answer 5

reduce the AMOUNT of organisms present in the enviro

Question 6

How are pathogens preserved?

Answer 6

moisture, darkness, cold

Question 7

How are pathogens destroyed?

Answer 7

warm temp, drying, sunlight, pH, osmolality

Question 8

What are commercial sanitizers?

Answer 8

• compounds that reduce numbers of microorganisms

Question 9

What is a disinfectant?

Answer 9

• a chemical that destroys vegetative forms of microorganisms on inanimate objects but are less effective in destroying bacterial spores

Question 10

Do sanitizers or disinfectants have a greater capacity to kill microorganisms?

Answer 10

disinfectants

Question 11

What is an antiseptic?

Answer 11

a chemical germicide formulated for use on skin and tissue

Question 12

If you wanted to clean living tissue what would you use?

Answer 12

Antiseptic (NOT disinfectant)

Question 13

What are alcohols good for killing? What are they bad at killing?

Answer 13

• good against bacteria
• not good against spores

Question 14

What can you NOT achieve disinfection or sterilization without?

Answer 14

Pre-cleaning!

Question 15

What is cleaning?

Answer 15

removal of debris that reduces the amount of organic matter contributing to proliferation of bacteria and viruses

Question 16

What is disinfecting?

Answer 16

Removes most (~99.9%) of organisms present on surfaces

Question 17

What is sterilization?

Answer 17

the killing of ALL organisms (including spores)

Question 18

If you were trying to remove spores from the environment, would you want to disinfect or sterilize?

Answer 18

sterilize

Question 19

What is the 6 step procedure for disinfecting animal facilities?

Answer 19

1. remove equipment
2. CLEAN pens and equipment
3. disinfect
4. dry
5. monitor
6. deal with other invasive threats (pests)

Question 20

Why is washing of pens/bards a routine part of pig production?

Answer 20

1 reason: washing removes bacteria, viruses and parasites left behind from the previous pigs

• most diseases are dose dependent (more pathogens = sicker pigs)

Question 21

What can cut washing time in half?

Answer 21

presoaking to loosen manure?

Question 22

What speeds up washing time about 22% if not pre-soaked?

Answer 22

hot water

Question 23

What are 4 main routes of re-contamination?

Answer 23

1. rodents
2. birds
3. flies
4. humans

Question 24

active immunization

Answer 24

immunity developed by administration of antigen

Question 25

passive immunization

Answer 25

immunity developed by administration of antibodies

Question 26

adoptive transfer

Answer 26

immunity developed by administering immune cells

Question 27

Why is vaccination bad for protection against exotic diseases?

Answer 27

surveillance programs use serology to monitor disease; vaccinating = serologically positive and cannot differentiate btw sick and vaccinated

Question 28

What is a marker vaccine designed to make?

Answer 28

Antibodies to different antigens than the antibodies that would be detected from a natural infection
- possible method to differentiate infection vs vaccination