Protists Flashcards
Protozoan: - \_\_\_\_\_-celled animals that \_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_-cellular - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (contain true nuclei) - 7 basic attributes of life maintained by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - find them wherever there is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - essential for life: --> basis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ and decomposition Active stage = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Resting stage = \_\_\_\_\_
single move uni eukaryotic organelles moisture primary production trophozoite cyst
Describe a protozoan cyst.
Under unfavourable conditions, lose granular structures, only have nuclei and storage materials with coating resistant to drying out and toxic chemicals like chlorine.
What are the different ways in which heterotrophic protozoans feed?
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Buccal cavity - cytostome
What is a cytosome?
Hole or thinning of membrane
After ingesting food, what happens to it in a protozoan?
Lysosomes fuse with food vacuole - activate pH regulated enzymes.
Digest food into monomeric components or short chains.
Internal structure becomes basic.
Nutrients diffuse into cytoplasm.
Undigested fragments left in vacuole, migrates and removes them by egestion.
Solid foods are initially ________, remaining solids of degestion are _______.
ingested
egested
What is excretion?
Getting rid of liquids and dissolved materials
The vast majority of protozoans are aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic
Protozoans have a large ____ to _____ ratio - which allows oxygen to diffuse into the cell from the surrounding water and gas wastes to diffuse out
Area:surface
Where would we find anaerobic protozoans?
Living in anoxic conditions such as those in sewage or our guts
Protozoans in a marine environment or in the human gut are ______ while those in freshwater are not.
isosmotic
How do freshwater protozoans get rid of incoming water?
Do this with a contractile vacuole.
Energy-dependent pump.
Pumps water into the vacuole, vacuole finds pore and contracts to squirt freshwater out.
During the process of osmoregulation and locomotion, complex compounds are broken down such as amino acids.
What does this produce?
Is it an issue?
Produce ammonia (NH3) - very reactive Important to prevent buildup in cytoplasm. For freshwater, water constantly flowing in and out that it gets quickly pumped out.
What takes care of osmoregulation and excretion for single celled protozoans?
diffusion
Reproduction can be both _____ and _______ for protozoans.
asexual, sexual
Describe asexual duplication in protozoans.
- Duplication of organelles and animal splitting into two or more parts
- fission
- no separation of genetic material
- Two daughter cells identical
The vast majority of protists engage in _____ reproduction of some sort
Sexual
Describe sexual reproduction in protists.
Why is it important?
Fusion of organisms before splitting to daughter cells
Organelles that fuse have genetic material
Important to provide genetic variability
Protists have _____ sexes meaning there are ______ sex
chemical
more than one
Often, the genetic material of protists is carried in _______.
organelles
If organelles (those that fuse) are the same size, it is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The process of exchange is called what?
isogametic
isogamy
If organelles (those that fuse) are not the same size, the process of exchange is called what?
anisogamy
What is the best way to differentiated protozoans?
By locomotion
What are the three different structures that protozoans have to allow locomotion?
Flagella,
Cilia
Pseudopodia
What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?
Flagella also have hair-like protruberances that increase surface area called mastigonemes
What is the classic formula for microtubules?
9 pairs around the outside and 1 in the middle
What are the different kingdoms?
Protozoa
Chromista
Opisthokonta
