Protists Flashcards

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1
Q
Protozoan:
- \_\_\_\_\_-celled animals that \_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_-cellular
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (contain true nuclei)
- 7 basic attributes of life maintained by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- find them wherever there is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- essential for life: 
--> basis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ and decomposition
Active stage = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Resting stage = \_\_\_\_\_
A
single
move
uni
eukaryotic
organelles
moisture
primary production
trophozoite
cyst
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2
Q

Describe a protozoan cyst.

A

Under unfavourable conditions, lose granular structures, only have nuclei and storage materials with coating resistant to drying out and toxic chemicals like chlorine.

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3
Q

What are the different ways in which heterotrophic protozoans feed?

A

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Buccal cavity - cytostome

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4
Q

What is a cytosome?

A

Hole or thinning of membrane

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5
Q

After ingesting food, what happens to it in a protozoan?

A

Lysosomes fuse with food vacuole - activate pH regulated enzymes.
Digest food into monomeric components or short chains.
Internal structure becomes basic.
Nutrients diffuse into cytoplasm.
Undigested fragments left in vacuole, migrates and removes them by egestion.

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6
Q

Solid foods are initially ________, remaining solids of degestion are _______.

A

ingested

egested

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7
Q

What is excretion?

A

Getting rid of liquids and dissolved materials

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8
Q

The vast majority of protozoans are aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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9
Q

Protozoans have a large ____ to _____ ratio - which allows oxygen to diffuse into the cell from the surrounding water and gas wastes to diffuse out

A

Area:surface

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10
Q

Where would we find anaerobic protozoans?

A

Living in anoxic conditions such as those in sewage or our guts

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11
Q

Protozoans in a marine environment or in the human gut are ______ while those in freshwater are not.

A

isosmotic

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12
Q

How do freshwater protozoans get rid of incoming water?

A

Do this with a contractile vacuole.
Energy-dependent pump.
Pumps water into the vacuole, vacuole finds pore and contracts to squirt freshwater out.

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13
Q

During the process of osmoregulation and locomotion, complex compounds are broken down such as amino acids.
What does this produce?
Is it an issue?

A
Produce ammonia (NH3) - very reactive
Important to prevent buildup in cytoplasm.
For freshwater, water constantly flowing in and out that it gets quickly pumped out.
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14
Q

What takes care of osmoregulation and excretion for single celled protozoans?

A

diffusion

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15
Q

Reproduction can be both _____ and _______ for protozoans.

A

asexual, sexual

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16
Q

Describe asexual duplication in protozoans.

A
  • Duplication of organelles and animal splitting into two or more parts
  • fission
  • no separation of genetic material
  • Two daughter cells identical
17
Q

The vast majority of protists engage in _____ reproduction of some sort

A

Sexual

18
Q

Describe sexual reproduction in protists.

Why is it important?

A

Fusion of organisms before splitting to daughter cells
Organelles that fuse have genetic material

Important to provide genetic variability

19
Q

Protists have _____ sexes meaning there are ______ sex

A

chemical

more than one

20
Q

Often, the genetic material of protists is carried in _______.

A

organelles

21
Q
If organelles (those that fuse) are the same size, it is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The process of exchange is called what?
A

isogametic

isogamy

22
Q

If organelles (those that fuse) are not the same size, the process of exchange is called what?

A

anisogamy

23
Q

What is the best way to differentiated protozoans?

A

By locomotion

24
Q

What are the three different structures that protozoans have to allow locomotion?

A

Flagella,
Cilia
Pseudopodia

25
Q

What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?

A

Flagella also have hair-like protruberances that increase surface area called mastigonemes

26
Q

What is the classic formula for microtubules?

A

9 pairs around the outside and 1 in the middle

27
Q

What are the different kingdoms?

A

Protozoa
Chromista
Opisthokonta