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Invertebrate Biology > Important terms - Invert Final Exam > Flashcards

Important terms - Invert Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Septum

A

Walls on the inside of the body cavity that seperate the body into segments

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2
Q

Blood pigments of annelids

A

Large hemoglobin - not bound to a RBC
Hemocruorin
Hemocyanin - copper heme group
(Some groups have all, some species only have one)

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3
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood is always in vessels and not in sinuses, although annelids have no hearts, a dorsal blood vessel is contractile

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4
Q

Giant Axon

A

Part of the NS of Annelids

- transmit impulses rapidly - used for the survival reflex - pull into burrow

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5
Q

aciculum

A

Provides support for the movement of the parapodia
Made of chitin
Parapodial muscles move the aciculum

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6
Q

Trocophore

A

Present in mollusks and annelids
Free swimming, planktonic, marine larval stage.
Present in lophotrochozoa group.

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7
Q

ganglion

A

Subesophageal ganglion - coordinates movement - paralyzed if destroyed

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8
Q

Chetae

A

Hairs on the body, used to classify worms.

None on Hirudineans

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9
Q

metanephridium

A

excratory gland of annelids, mollusks and arthropods. Pump out excess water and wastes.

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10
Q

pygidium

A

Last worm segment in the early embryo (i.e. 3rd segment)

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11
Q

Biramous

A

Meaning 2 branches - appendages of annelids are biramus

shared feature with arthropods

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12
Q

nuchal organ

A

Chemosensory organs for taste.

If these are destroyed, the animal no longer feeds (Annelida)

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13
Q

epitoky

A

Part of polychaete reproduction.
Epitokes are free-swimming forms which swim to the surface and form swarms for reproduction.
Many errantians burst completely.
Some sedenterians only have the posterior part break off.

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14
Q

crop

A

Part of annelid digestive system - stores the meal

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15
Q

clitellum

A

Thickened, hardenned band of tissue on the anterior end of Class Clitellita.
Forms a mucus channel during copulation.
Chitin secreted from cliteral area.
Slips off anteriorly and forms a cocoon.

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16
Q

typhlosole

A

Folding of intestine in earthworms to increase SA and absorption of nutrients.

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17
Q

gizzard

A

muscular organ for grinding up food (hardened chitin)

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18
Q

cloragog tissue

A

Tissue on the outside of the intestine which converts ammonia to urea.
When full, detaches and goes to dorsal side of worm to protect internal tissues from sunlight

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19
Q

calciferous gland

A

Extract calcium from dirt to prevent CO2-acidification of blood.
Calcium binds with carbonic acid to form CaCO3 precipitate which is excreted in the feces.

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20
Q

cocoon

A

Formed by the clitellum which allows direct development of clitellans.

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21
Q

Phoresy

A

Live on host but doesnt cause damage or give benefits - branchiobdellida - commensal

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22
Q

Hirudin

A

Secreted by gnathobdellidans - functions as an anti-coagulant

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23
Q

Mantle

A

Dorsal epidermal layer that is ciliated in the HAM.

Has specialized glands that secrete calcium carbonate to form a shell.

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24
Q

gill (mollusk)

A

Respiratory apparatus.

Ciliated in the HAM

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25
Q

trocophore (mollusk)

A

Ciliated larval stage of mollusks which develops into a veliger.
Shared with annelids.

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26
Q

veliger

A

Develops from the trocophore
Has a pair of wing-liek structures that are ciliated, a foot and a developing shell on its dorsal side.
Settles to the bottom and metamorphoses into a mollusk (snail, clam, squid)

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27
Q

odontophore

A

a projection in the mouth of most mollusks that supports the radula

28
Q

pedal cord

A

Nerve chord which innervates the foot

comes from the circumpharyngeal ganglion

29
Q

shell (mollusk)

A

Dorsally located shell made of calcium carbonate that affords protection. Lost in some groups of mollusks.

30
Q

open circulatory system

A

Conversly to annelids and similar to arthropods.
Blood pools in sinuses
(hemocyanin)

31
Q

salivary gland

A

Dorsally located and used in digestion.

32
Q

visceral cord

A

Controls digestion and gill action.

33
Q

foot

A

Ventral muscular region.

Used for locomotion or as a suction cup in HAM

34
Q

mantle cavity

A

Cavity near on the posterior side of the animal, not covered by the shell.
Respiratory organs were housed here (HAM).

35
Q

radula

A

Used for scraping algae off of hard surfaces.

Cartilaginous plate with chitinous bands.

36
Q

digestive gland

A

Secretes acid-activated enzymes.

Fine particles go here to be transferred to the intestine

37
Q

osphradia

A

Pathces of cells on the gills which can smell or taste chemicals from the water.

38
Q

torsion

A

During embryonic development, process of twisting organs around
Anus, gills and mantle cavity on top of head.
Allows for rtraction into the shell.

39
Q

siphon

A

Draws in water for respiratory, locomotory or even feeding purposes in mollusks.

40
Q

pneumostome

A

Lung hole in subclass pulmonata

41
Q

cleft

A

For snails with torsion, the cleft is where the animal lives. Allows for water to leave the shell

42
Q

operculum

A

In subclass prosobranchia, the operculum closes off the shell when the mollusk retracts back inside.

43
Q

lung

A

Only found in subclass pulmonata, allows for respiration in terrestria and freshwater environments.

44
Q

collumnella

A

Structure running down the middle of coiled shells. Muscles which allow retraction attach here.

45
Q

detorsion

A

Occuring in gastropods where the shell is lost or reduced, mainly because without the shell, the advantage of torsion is no longer present.
Cephalopods also show detorsion.

46
Q

cerata

A

Cerata are found in nudibranchs and are used in defence, whereby nudibranchs consume stinging cells of cnidarians and place them on these areas.
Can also be used for respiration.

47
Q

protrandrous

A

Opisthobranchs and pulmonates.
Meaning the animal is male first, then female when older.
Hermaphroditic species.

48
Q

adductor (bivalve)

A

Controlled by the visceral ganglia.

Adductor used for filter feeding (posterior)

49
Q

periostracum

A

outer layer of bivalves - mix of protein and CaCO3

50
Q

umbo

A

anterior, beak of bivalve shell

51
Q

ovotestis

A

structure which forms sperm in one part of the life-cycle, then eggs in the other - allows simultaneous hermaphroditism

52
Q

retractor (bivalvia)

A

Contracts to close the valves together

53
Q

prismatic layer

A

Thick layer, consists of the bulk of the shell made of CaCO3 crystals.

54
Q

nacreous layer

A

Smooth layer, crystals laid horizontally, innermost layer.

55
Q

pearl

A

Secretions of calcium carbonate around an irritant or parasite.

56
Q

pseudofeces

A

Coarse particles which build up dorsaly and are squirted out the in-current siphon

57
Q

glochidium

A

Freshwater (unionid) clams parasitic larval stage (trocophore larva suppressed).
Attaches to gills or fins of fish.

58
Q

palp

A

Two different sizes of palps - long and short. Long palps push big particles to the in-current chamber - pseudofeces.
Short palps push fine particles to be digested into the digestive glands.

59
Q

byssus threads

A

Produced by mussels - proteins that form sticky threads when they contact water - allow mussel to adhere to substrate

60
Q

crystalline style

A

In septibranchs. Produces mucus and enzymes.

61
Q

funnel

A

Used for jet propulsion in cephalopods.

62
Q

pen

A

Reduced shell -
Chintinous plate which provides rigidity to the body
In squids

63
Q

septum (cephalopod)

A

Instead of torsion, cephalopods secrete a septum which blocks off the distal parts of the shell into chambers.

64
Q

vena cava

A

Collecting vessel were blood pools to be pumped by the heart to the gills.

65
Q

siphuncle

A

absorbs water and secertes gas into chambers to regulate buoyancy

66
Q

branchial heart

A

heart which pumps blood to the gills

Invertebrate Biology (36 decks)

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