Important terms - Invert Final Exam - Chelicerates and Arthropods

Question 1

Book gills

Answer 1

Structure with many lamellae that may have been used for swimming or respiration

Question 2

trachea

Answer 2

Fluid-filled tubes that provides air directly to the tissues - adaptation for land

Question 3

trichobothrium

Answer 3

Arachnid adaptation to land

- long sensory hairs (in pit connected to nerve endings) may be more important than eyes

Question 4

ovipositor

Answer 4

tubular organ through which a female deposits her eggs

Question 5

spinnerets

Answer 5

Posterior openings on aranaens where silk is produced

Question 6

book lungs

Answer 6

Reduction of book gills in arachnids, sunken in the body cavity for increased efficiency of respiration. - adaptation to land

Question 7

guanine

Answer 7

Metabolites conveted by malpighian tubules to guanine crystals which are non-toxic and will conserve water

Question 8

slit sense organ

Answer 8

Slit in the cuticle, covered by a thing membrane which serves in hearing in arachnids

Question 9

silk

Answer 9

Order Aranea, produce silk for dispersion of young, protection of eggs, predation, etc.

Question 10

spiracle

Answer 10

Small openings in the cuticle which open up to trachea - adaptation to land for respiration

Question 11

malpighian tubules

Answer 11

Blind multicellular tubules that use energy to convert metabolites into guanine and conserve water

Question 12

odoriferous gland

Answer 12

In order opiliones, a gland which releases a foul smell (phenols and quinones) to deter predators.

Question 13

pedicel

Answer 13

Small connecting area in araneans between the prosoma and opisthosoma

Question 14

capitulum

Answer 14

anterior body region of ticks and mites (order acarina)

Question 15

cryptobiosis

Answer 15

In Phylum Tardigrada, when habitats dry, they enter cryptobiosis - a state of biological stasis

Question 16

mange

Answer 16

Mite which will cause dogs and cats to develop an allergy, scratch and lose their fur

Question 17

scabies

Answer 17

Illness that occurs with humans, caused by mites.

Question 18

prognathous

Answer 18

Head pointing forward, characteristic of centipedes - predative lifestyle

Question 19

hypognathous

Answer 19

Head poiting downwards - characterisitc of diplopoda.

Question 20

labrum

Answer 20

Roof of the mouth - upper lip of hexapods

Question 21

labium

Answer 21

Bottom lip or floor of mouth of hexapods

Question 22

tracheole

Answer 22

Progressively smaller extensions of the trachea which joint directly with cells for efficent gas exchange and to minimize water loss

Question 23

uric acid

Answer 23

Ammonia is converted to uric acid (non-toxic) by the malpighian tubules in hexapods to prevent water loss

Question 24

paranota

Answer 24

In older apterous species, these are shield-like plates on the back from which wings may have developed

Question 25

paleoptera

Answer 25

Group of winged insects in which the wings stick out but cannot fold - ancient group

Question 26

neoptera

Answer 26

Insects with new inventions for wings such as the elytra, hardened forewings, etc.

Question 27

direct flight muscles

Answer 27

Characteristic of slow flappers - wings beat once per every muscle contraction

Question 28

indirect flight muscles

Answer 28

Characteristic of fast flappers, causes such an intense contraction that multiple wing flaps occur per contraction

Question 29

frenulum

Answer 29

Row of bristles in moths and butterflies which keeps the hindwing together with the forewing

Question 30

hammuli

Answer 30

Series of velcro-like hooks which join the hind and frontwings together in order hymenoptera

Question 31

halteres

Answer 31

reduction of hindwing which rotate fast during flight and provide stability

Question 32

exopterygota

Answer 32

Animals with gradual development

Question 33

holometabola

Answer 33

Animals which have a pupal stage and where development is not gradual

Question 34

larva

Answer 34

juvenile form which lacks the reproductive structures of adults - look similar to adult for hemimetabola.

Question 35

corpora allata

Answer 35

Produces juvenile hormone and inhibits wing and adult structure development

Question 36

hemimetabola

Answer 36

Animals with gradual development

Question 37

nymph

Answer 37

young of mayflies which lack wings and reproductive structures - spend most of their lives this way

Question 38

pupa

Answer 38

Stage in homometabolan development where the larva dissolves its tissues and metamorphoses

Question 39

juvenile hormone

Answer 39

Hormone released by the corpora allota which suppresses wing and adult development
Greatly controlled by photoperiod

Question 40

endopterygota

Answer 40

(think inside cocoon0 insects that undergo pupation and completely change to an adult

Question 41

naiad

Answer 41

Another word for nymph - very different in dragonflies and mayflies from the adult

Question 42

prothoracic gland

Answer 42

Produces ectysone which controls molting

Question 43

ecdysone

Answer 43

hormone which controls molting