Important terms - Invert Final Exam - Lophophorates and Crustacea

Question 1

Spermatophore

Answer 1

protein capsule containing sperm which is transferred during mating

Question 2

Oviducal gland

Answer 2

in female cephalopods, produces egg white which provides nutrients

Question 3

iridocyte

Answer 3

Tiny mirror-like cells below the chromatophores

- function in colour changing in some cephalopods

Question 4

caecum

Answer 4

Site of nutrient absorption in cephalopods

Question 5

hectocotyle

Answer 5

Specially modified male arm which is often removed and acts as a sperm plug for reproduction

Question 6

stellate ganglion

Answer 6

Connects to giant axons and conducts quick impulses to trigger escape reflexes.

Question 7

lophophore

Answer 7

Crown of tentacles used in filter feeding

Fluid filled with ceolomic fluid, covered in mucus and cilia and used to feed on plankton and organics

Question 8

ink sac

Answer 8

Attached to the rectum of cephalopods - produces a melanin pigment which can act as a smokescreen or chemosensory blocker when threatened

Question 9

nidamental gland

Answer 9

produces gelating around the egg

Question 10

chromatophore

Answer 10

Embedded in the epidermal layer and allow colour change in cephalopods.

Question 11

dorsal, hollow nerve chord

Answer 11

Embryonic feature of all chordates

Question 12

tunic

Answer 12

Covering made of cellulose in the urochordates or tunicates.

Question 13

chitin

Answer 13

hard protein - makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 14

antenna

Answer 14

Sensory structures located on the first segments - two pairs in crustaceans

Question 15

hemocoel

Answer 15

primary body cavity of arthropods - contains hemolymph and functions in the circulatory system

Question 16

notochord

Answer 16

cartilaginous rod under the dorsal nerve chord - allows for attachment of muscles to move the tail

Question 17

paedogenesis

Answer 17

in cephalochordates - for animals which become adults but retain the larval form

Question 18

foregut

Answer 18

Lined with chitin in arthropods

Question 19

mandible

Answer 19

Gnathobasic in crustaceans and are used in feeding

Question 20

apposition eye

Answer 20

most common form of eye in arthropods - focuses a small area of the field of view and produces an inverted image

Question 21

metamerism

Answer 21

Segmentation which allows specialization - found in annelids and arthropods

Question 22

hindgut

Answer 22

Lined with chitin

Question 23

chelicera

Answer 23

In SP chelicerata, most anterior pair of limbs which function as pincers

Question 24

superposition eye

Answer 24

forms a single, erect image

Question 25

apolysis

Answer 25

First phase of molting.

Old material is broken down and absorbed for the most part to be reused.

Question 26

antennule

Answer 26

reduced antennae, found in crustaceans

Question 27

mandible

Answer 27

3rd pair of limbs in crustaceans that are modified for feeding, also found in uniramians, but not arachnids

Question 28

biramous

Answer 28

meaning two branched - limbs are biramous in arthropods

Question 29

ecdysis

Answer 29

2nd process of molting

Splitting of the body at the ecdysial lines and the process of the animal climbing out

Question 30

antenna

Answer 30

larger anterior sensory structures

Question 31

maxilla

Answer 31

2 pairs of these in crustaeans - used for feeding

Question 32

uniramous

Answer 32

single branched appendages, characteristic of uniramians

Question 33

instar

Answer 33

Molting stage

Question 34

chelicera

Answer 34

most anterior limbs of chelicerates - pick up food and place them in the mouth

Question 35

labium

Answer 35

floor of the mouth, fused maxillae in uniramians

Question 36

gnathobase

Answer 36

mouthpart (mandibles) that crush food

Question 37

carapace

Answer 37

Covers the anterior part of the body and acts like a shield

Question 38

antennal gland

Answer 38

Part of the crustacean excretory system which sit at the top of antennae and convert ammonia to urea.

Question 39

cyclomorphosis

Answer 39

In cladocerans, method of changing morphology in response to environmental cues or predators.

Question 40

coxal gland

Answer 40

Part of the crustacean excretory system which sit at the base of the coxa and convert ammonia to urea.

Question 41

nauplius

Answer 41

Baby crustacean - first instar, 3 segments

Question 42

ephippium

Answer 42

winter or dry season eggs of cladocerans which are highly resistant - have an extra shell layer

Question 43

green gland

Answer 43

Part of the crustacean excretory system which sit at the base of the coxa or top of antennae and convert ammonia to urea.

Question 44

phyllopod

Answer 44

In Branchiopods - several leaf-likfe legs which are used for swimming, respiration or filter feeding

Question 45

cirri

Answer 45

In class cirripedia - appendages used to gasp food particles

Question 46

branchiostegite

Answer 46

extended pleural plate, forms one wall of the gill chamber in crustaceans

Question 47

chelae

Answer 47

Claws of crustaceans in suborder reptantia

Question 48

marsupium

Answer 48

In superorder peracarida, pouch under the sternum which carries the young

Question 49

uropod

Answer 49

in Decapods, tail fan

Question 50

cleaning station

Answer 50

A cleaning station is a location where aquatic life congregate to be cleaned by smaller creatures.

Question 51

telson

Answer 51

middle of the uropod - used for backwards swimming