Multicellularity

Question 1

All metazoans are within the kingdom _______.

Answer 1

animalia

Question 2

What is a metazoan?

Answer 2

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Motile
Heterotrophic

Question 3

What are the benefits to multicellularity?

Answer 3

1 - Often beneficial to be big:
- less chance to be eaten
- more prey available
- faster locomotion/greater dispersal
2 - Cells can specialize
3 - Can develop circulatory systems
4 - Lots of cells can act in buffering and provide homeostasis

Question 4

What are some limitations to multicellularity?

Answer 4

As a cell/organism gets larger, the volume increases more than the surface area –> less effective diffusion

Question 5

We find that multicellular animals are _____ and more ______, but are still driven by processes of _____ to a large extent.

Answer 5

bigger
complex
diffusion

Question 6

What are two important definitions when looking at organizations?

Answer 6

Grade

Clade

Question 7

What is grade?
Provide an example.
Structures in a grade would be termed what?

Answer 7

Level of development or complexity attained without respect to evolutionary ancestry

• structures are said to be analogous
  ex: having wings is a grade of organization - no evolutionary relation (i.e. bats, birds, insects)

Question 8

What is a clade?
Clade also means what?
Structures in a clade are termed what?

Answer 8

Level of development or complexity coming from a common ancestral origin.
Structures are homologous.
Means branch.

Question 9

What is cladistics?

Answer 9

the study of branching of organisms

Question 10

Development of common ancestral structures into new ways of using them = ?

Answer 10

adaptive radiation

Question 11

What are the 3 grades of organization of multicellular animals?

Answer 11

Cellular
Tissue
Organ

Question 12

Cellular grade of organization:

• Can have a bunch of _____ together
• Cells may do ________ things
• _________ distribution, not ________
  ex: ?

Answer 12

cells
different
random, not coordinated