Introduction to invertebrate biology

Question 1

If an organism has ____ limbs, it is most likely not an invertebrate.

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What is an arthropod borne virus?

Answer 2

Virus transmitted by a vector arthropod.

Question 3

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 3

The evolution of a relatively unspecialized stock of organisms into several groups, each specialized for a different ecological niche.

Question 4

The common ancestry of related animals is determined by 5 lines of evidence. These are?

Answer 4

1 - Common morphological features

2 - Common physiological/biochemical pathways

3 - Comparable developmental pathways (embryology)

4 - Fossil record

5 - Molecule sequencing of DNA/RNA, proteins or other molecules

Question 5

What is a caveat to common morphological features?

Answer 5

Convergent evolution

Question 6

What are the 7 aspects necessary to maintain life?

Answer 6

1 - Feeding

2 - Respiration

3 - Waste elimination

4 - Maintain water balance

5 - Reproduction

6 - Locomotion and dispersal

7 - Sensory - sample environment

Question 7

What is the newest phylum added to the animal kingdom?

Answer 7

Xenacoelomorpha

Question 8

What is a single-celled invertebrate?

Answer 8

Protists

Question 9

Protozoans:
- \_\_-cellular for the most part
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - true nucleus
- Motile protists are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Key features:
- \_\_\_\_\_-celled for most of \_\_\_\_\_\_
- complexity achieved through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rather than through \_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_-sensitive without \_\_\_\_\_\_
- can be found anywhere there is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_-living
- Symbiotic - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 9

uni
eukaryotes
autotrophic
single, life
organelles, organs
light, eyes
moisture
free
commensal, mutualistic, parasitic

Question 10

What is the active stage of protists?

What other stage does it have.

Answer 10

Active stage - trophozoite

Other stage is dormant stage - cyst form.

Question 11

Which protozoan provides a major source of oxygen?

Answer 11

Algae.

Question 12

What are characteristics of protozoan cysts?

Answer 12

Remove impurities from cytoplasm, harden cell wall, become resistant to poisons.

Question 13

How can algae sustain ecosystems?

Answer 13

Fix carbon and also convert it to edible carbon.

Serve as a direct food source for inverts and vertebrates

Question 14

Feeding for protozoans:

- the vast majority are ______: (describe this)

Answer 14

Heterotrophic

- gain energy through assimilation of material

Question 15

Even some algae are slightly heterotrophic. How?

Answer 15

Pick up DOC to supplement photosynthesis.

Question 16

What are the three different ways in which protozoans ingest food from the surrounding water into their body?
Briefly describe each.

Answer 16

1 - Pinocytosis: cell drinking - nutrients diffuse through wall of cell

2 - Phagocytosis - engulf food

3 - Buccal cavity - engulf through cytostome

Question 17

What is a cytostome?

Answer 17

Hole or opening.