Proteins and Amino Acid Flashcards
What level of protein structure is associated with the sequence of amino acids?
primary
What are monomers
amino acids (there are 20 diff ones) that are the SAME 20 in all living things
(molecule that can be bonded to form a polymer), amino acids (monomer) can be bonded to form protein (polymer)
What are amino acids made up of
75%= dry body mass
95%= muscle (and heart)
100%= of hormones, neurotransmitters, and neutropeptides
Polymer: Polypeptide chain
- chain of amino acids (linear), they’ll interact in a polar and non polar fashion
- polypeptide chains will form shapes (3D structure/conformation=protein, important bc form follows function)
Proteins interact in our body to do?
form hair, mucus, cartilage, enzymes, etc.
Importance of variable group in an amino acid
- can put any of the 20 different amino acids there, made up of or less than
- gives the amino acids their characteristics
- overall polar molecule
Same, molecule, different arrangement (left and right hand mirror images) is called a ?
an optical isomer
are amino acids acidic or base?
both acidic or basic, R group will thus, determine the behaviour (depending on whether or not an acid/base is added as the R group)
Same basic structure, different R groups
drive the shape of the molecule
changes in protein structure causes
disease, syndrome, etc.
small changes in proteins
= Changes in phenotype
Amino Acids Overview…
How many are essential?
Types?
How they’re brought in?
8-10 are essential, our bodies can’t make them
(Phenylaline, valine, threonnie, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine, sometimes arginine)
- must be brought in via diets (incomplete/complete sources of proteins)
what are most amino acids
most are precursors to neurotransmitters, or hold proteins together
(building block)
what is a peptide
2+ amino acids joined by a peptide bond
what is a peptide chain/bond
holds proteins together, like insulin
- have a linear structure: n and c terminus
- order and sequence determine structure
what is the order of a peptide chain driven by?
genes
what do amino acids drive
interactions between amino acids and r-groups
protein structure
1) primary structure: sequence, order of amino acids
2) secondary structure: hydrogen bonds, a-helix, and b-pleated sheets
3) tertiary structure: disulphide bridges and polar vs non polar
4) quarternary structure
(different subunits or pieces) **NOT ALL PROTEINS GET HERE
proteins will have
a hydrophobic core, this is why they want to be in the middle
what will the order of amino acids influence?
the shape of the molecule, for example, the presence of cystine curls hair
Protein Folding:
- electrostatics refers to
opposites attract, like charges repel
cystine buddies form
dusulphide bridges
how is the shape important
form follows function, determines how the protein behaves
what happens to a protein if we add heat or acid
- changing the intermolecular attractions of R-group
- ## changing the 3D shape/structure of proteins
- called denaturation of proteins (disrupts hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulphide bridges: temp, pH, salinity)
For ex. can’t uncool an egg
