photosynthesis + Calvin cycle Flashcards
what are pigments
- capture electromagnetic radiation to begin photosynthesis
- located in membrane of thylakoids
- found in clusters of photosystems
- many kinds: chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycoerthyrin, and phycocyanin
what are pigments absorbing
specific wavelengths or photons of light
what are lanellae
membrane holding thylakoids and grant
what does the absorption spectrum show
- shows which wavelengths (colours) of light are absorbed by the pigments and which are not
- which are reflected or visible, ex. cholorphyll absorbs red and blue light and rejects green light
what is beta carotene
absorbs no yellow and red, so it appears orange
pigment: choloprhyll (a, b)
absorbs which wavelengths? and which wavelengths does it not absorb?
blue and red-absorbed
green- not absorbed
pigment: carotenoids
absorbs which wavelengths? and which wavelengths does it not absorb?
violet to green light is absorbed
wavelengths that aren’t absorbed are deeply coloured yellow, orange, or red.
pigment: phycobilins
absorbs which wavelengths? and which wavelengths does it not absorb?
blue and green light are absorbed
red light is reflected, appears red
what is chlorophyll?
- pigment that provides the green colour to plants
- helps the plants conduct photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight
- helps the body treating hemoglobin deficiency disorders, such as anemia and thalassemia bc it has similar structure to hemoglobin
what is carotenoids?
- pigments in bacteria, archae, fungi, plants, and algae
- involved in photosynthesis and photo-protection
what is phycobilins?
any of a group of red or blue photosynthetic pigments present in some algae.
the structure of chlorophyll?
phytol tail, non polar” anchors pigment into the thylakoid membrane
porphyrin ring: central mg, absorbs light energy and transfers it to an electron
cholorophyll vs hemoglobin
– tbd
where does the Calvin cycle occur
in the storma (the inner part of the cholorplast)
how does eating too many carrots cause your skin to turn orange
- carotenemia is present in carrots, and is a precursor (precedes) vitamin A and is stored in the fatty tissue of the body.
- the excess beta-carotene can accumulate in the skin and subcutaneous fat.
- The body uses beta-carotene to produce vitamin A, an essential nutrient for vision, immune function, and skin health. However, it only converts the necessary amount of beta-carotene into vitamin A and eliminates the excess. The leftover beta-carotene that’s not converted into vitamin A can build up and manifest as a yellowish or orange discoloration, especially in areas where the skin is thicker, like the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or the face.
what is photo-protection
mechanisms that prevent light energy from inducing damage
what is the stroma
the inner part of the chloroplast
what do the light independent reactions of the Calvin cycle require?
atp and nadph, and the reactions also require atmospheric co2 from the air which enters the leaf through stomata
what will the Calvin cycle produce
these reactions will produce glucose
first step in the light independent reaction
A) the cycle begins with: CARBON FIXATION where 3 co2 molecules combine with 3 five carbon acceptor molecules called RuBP, which produces six 3 carbon molecules of 3PG
- the enzyme rubisco catalyzes this reaction (is the most abundant protein in the world)