Protein Synthesis ( Translation & Transcription ) Flashcards
Transcription Process
Copying DNA to make mRNA.
Transcription Purpose
To create a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule with the genetic code.
Transcription Location
Occurs in the nucleus.
Enzymes Involved with Transcription
RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides.
Transcription Complementary Base Pairs
- Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA.
- Cytosine (C) in DNA pairs with Guanine (G) in RNA.
Result of Transcription
Produces mRNA strand with codons, carrying the genetic information.
Translation Process
Reading mRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein.
Translation Purpose
To convert the mRNA code into a polypeptide chain.
Translation Location
Occurs in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Key components of Translation
- mRNA: Carries the code.
- tRNA (transfer RNA): Brings specific amino acids to the ribosome.
- Ribosome: Protein synthesis factory.
- Anticodons: Sequences on tRNA that are complementary to mRNA codons.
Steps of Translation
- mRNA enters ribosome.
- tRNA with complementary anticodon pairs with mRNA codon.
- Amino acids carried by tRNA form peptide bonds to build polypeptide chain.
- Completed polypeptide chain is the protein.
- Termination: Translation ends when a stop codon is reached on the mRNA.
Terminology Recap : Transcription
Copying DNA to make mRNA.
Terminology Recap : mRNA
Messenger RNA carries genetic code.
Terminology Recap : tRNA
Transfer RNA delivers amino acids to ribosome.
Terminology Recap : Ribosome
Protein synthesis site.
