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bio 101 > Protein Synthesis ( Translation & Transcription ) > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis ( Translation & Transcription ) Flashcards

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1
Q

Transcription Process

A

Copying DNA to make mRNA.

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2
Q

Transcription Purpose

A

To create a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule with the genetic code.

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3
Q

Transcription Location

A

Occurs in the nucleus.

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4
Q

Enzymes Involved with Transcription

A

RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides.

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5
Q

Transcription Complementary Base Pairs

A
  • Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA.
    • Cytosine (C) in DNA pairs with Guanine (G) in RNA.
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6
Q

Result of Transcription

A

Produces mRNA strand with codons, carrying the genetic information.

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7
Q

Translation Process

A

Reading mRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein.

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8
Q

Translation Purpose

A

To convert the mRNA code into a polypeptide chain.

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9
Q

Translation Location

A

Occurs in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

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10
Q

Key components of Translation

A
  • mRNA: Carries the code.
    • tRNA (transfer RNA): Brings specific amino acids to the ribosome.
    • Ribosome: Protein synthesis factory.
    • Anticodons: Sequences on tRNA that are complementary to mRNA codons.
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11
Q

Steps of Translation

A
  • mRNA enters ribosome.
    • tRNA with complementary anticodon pairs with mRNA codon.
    • Amino acids carried by tRNA form peptide bonds to build polypeptide chain.
    • Completed polypeptide chain is the protein.
    • Termination: Translation ends when a stop codon is reached on the mRNA.
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12
Q

Terminology Recap : Transcription

A

Copying DNA to make mRNA.

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13
Q

Terminology Recap : mRNA

A

Messenger RNA carries genetic code.

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14
Q

Terminology Recap : tRNA

A

Transfer RNA delivers amino acids to ribosome.

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15
Q

Terminology Recap : Ribosome

A

Protein synthesis site.

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16
Q

Terminology Recap : Codons

A

Three-letter sequences on mRNA.

17
Q

Terminology Recap : Anticodons

A

Three-letter sequences on tRNA complementary to codons.

18
Q

Terminology Recap : Amino Acids

A

Building blocks of proteins.

19
Q

Terminology Recap : Polypeptide

A

Chain of amino acids.

20
Q

Terminology Recap : Peptide Bond

A

Holds amino acids together in a polypeptide chain.

21
Q

Terminology Recap : Translation

A

Reading mRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein.

bio 101 (23 decks)

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