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Microbiology > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gene

A

sequence of DNA that codes for protein

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2
Q

transcription

A

DNA information copied into RNA form

occurs in nucleus in eukaryotes

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3
Q

RNA

A

1st product of transcription

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4
Q

mRNA

A

copy of DNA sequence of gene

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5
Q

tRNA

A

brings amino acid to ribosome

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6
Q

rRNA

A

part of ribosome

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7
Q

translation

A

RNA used to make proteins

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8
Q

RNA polymerase enzyme

A

controls transcription

  1. binds and separates DNA strands in double helix
  2. recognizes start and stop sequences of genes
  3. transcribes only one DNA strand to produce RNA
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9
Q

3 phases of transcription

A
  1. initiation
  2. elongation
  3. termination
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10
Q

intiation phase of transcription

A

RNA polymerase recognizes start sequence for gene (promoter) at beginning of gene

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11
Q

elongation phase of transcription

A

transcription begins
RNA polymerase adds RNA bases complementary to DNA bases in gene
RNA polymerase forms RNA copy of DNA

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12
Q

termination phase of transcription

A

RNA polymerase recognizes stop sequence at end of gene

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13
Q

exons

A

coding sequences for gene

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14
Q

introns

A

non-coding sequences between eons

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15
Q

ribozymes

A

RNA enzymes

remove introns and splice exons together

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16
Q

translation

A

assembles amino acids into proteins

17
Q

codon

A

3 base grouping on mRNA that determines each amino acid for protein

18
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

A

joins amino acid to its specific tRNA

19
Q

anticodon

A

3 base complement of mRNA codon

20
Q

3 steps to translation

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
21
Q

initiation phase of translation

A

mRNA binds ribosome

initiation codon AUG designates start of translation

22
Q

AUG

A

methionine, first amino acid in new protein

23
Q

elongation phase

A

amino acids connect to form protein

tRNAs bring amino acids specified by codons in gene to ribosome

24
Q

termination phase of translation

A

stops protein synthesis when termination codon enters ribosome
UAG UGA or UAA

Microbiology (27 decks)

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