Protein Synthesis Flashcards
gene
sequence of DNA that codes for protein
transcription
DNA information copied into RNA form
occurs in nucleus in eukaryotes
RNA
1st product of transcription
mRNA
copy of DNA sequence of gene
tRNA
brings amino acid to ribosome
rRNA
part of ribosome
translation
RNA used to make proteins
RNA polymerase enzyme
controls transcription
- binds and separates DNA strands in double helix
- recognizes start and stop sequences of genes
- transcribes only one DNA strand to produce RNA
3 phases of transcription
- initiation
- elongation
- termination
intiation phase of transcription
RNA polymerase recognizes start sequence for gene (promoter) at beginning of gene
elongation phase of transcription
transcription begins
RNA polymerase adds RNA bases complementary to DNA bases in gene
RNA polymerase forms RNA copy of DNA
termination phase of transcription
RNA polymerase recognizes stop sequence at end of gene
exons
coding sequences for gene
introns
non-coding sequences between eons
ribozymes
RNA enzymes
remove introns and splice exons together
translation
assembles amino acids into proteins
codon
3 base grouping on mRNA that determines each amino acid for protein
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
joins amino acid to its specific tRNA
anticodon
3 base complement of mRNA codon
3 steps to translation
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
initiation phase of translation
mRNA binds ribosome
initiation codon AUG designates start of translation
AUG
methionine, first amino acid in new protein
elongation phase
amino acids connect to form protein
tRNAs bring amino acids specified by codons in gene to ribosome
termination phase of translation
stops protein synthesis when termination codon enters ribosome
UAG UGA or UAA
