DNA Replication

Question 1

2 ways DNA is used

Answer 1

1. template to copy itself during DNA replication

2. converts to RNA (transcription)/ RNA used to make protein (translation)

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

non dividing stage of cell cycle

Question 3

3 stages of interphase

Answer 3

G1- cells produced by cell division grow and prepare for DNA replication
S- synthesis; DNA replicated
G2 cells prepare to divide

Question 4

DNA monomer

Answer 4

nucleotide

Question 5

3 parts of nucleotide

Answer 5

1. deoxyribose sugar
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogen base

Question 6

4 nitrogen bases in DNA

Answer 6

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 7

semiconservative replication

Answer 7

each double strand has 1 old strand and one new

Question 8

DNA helicase

Answer 8

unwinds and separates strands of double helix

Question 9

DNA polymerase

Answer 9

1. finds origin of replication
2. forms replication bubble and moves forks along template strand
3. adds nucleotides to new DNA strand

Question 10

DNA ligase

Answer 10

connects new DNA pieces together into one strand

Question 11

leading strand

Answer 11

oriented properly for enzyme to read

synthesized continuously

Question 12

lagging strand

Answer 12

oriented backward

synthesized in Okazaki fragments, joined by DNA ligase

Question 13

chromatin

Answer 13

invisible, non dividing form of DNA

Question 14

chromosomes

Answer 14

visible DNA

DNA twists around histones, becomes shorter and thicker, eventually visible