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Microbiology > Microbiological Organisms > Flashcards

Microbiological Organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 Unrelated Microorganismal Groups

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Protozoans, Helminths, Viruses, Prions

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2
Q

Which microorganismal group does not cause disease?

A

archaea

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3
Q

symbioses

A

microorganism and human interactions

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4
Q

commensualistic definition

A

harmless to humans

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5
Q

commensualistic function

A

species present on, in or around body at all time

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6
Q

mutualistic definition

A

beneficial to humans

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7
Q

mutualistic function (7)

A

base of food chain, decompose waste, recycle chemicals, digestion, bioremediation, food production, biotechnology,

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8
Q

parasitic or pathogenic definition

A

infectious disease agent

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9
Q

parasitic or pathogenic function

A

invades susceptible host, causes disease or other problems, carries out all or part of life cycle in host

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10
Q

parasitic examples (3)

A

viruses, fungi, protozoans

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11
Q

pathogen

A

disease causing bacteria

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12
Q

3 types of symbioses

A

commensualistic, mutualistic, parasitic or pathogenic

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13
Q

3 types of microorganismal flora on body

A

normal, transient, opportunistic

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14
Q

normal flora

A

present on or in body all the time; most harmless, some beneficial
100 trillion on skin, in oral cavity and intestines (1-2 lbs)

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15
Q

normal flora example

A

E. coli in digestive trat, Staphylococcus aureus on skin, in oral tract

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16
Q

transient flora

A

temporarily present on body, remove with cleaning

17
Q

opportunistic flora

A

disease causing; any microorganism may become opportunistic

evades surface defenses- enters tissue below epithelium

18
Q

3 ways bacteria damage host to cause disease

A
  1. damage tissue directly
  2. produce toxins
  3. hypersensitivity reactions
19
Q

bacteria directly damaging tissue

A

exoenzymes produced by bacteria and released into tissue

20
Q

bacteria produce toxins

A

distributed by blood, damage cells

21
Q

hypersensitivity reactions caused by bacteria

A

-initiate an inappropriate specific immune response to normally harmless allergen
-a small antigen or haptan becomes allergenic after binding to body protein
-haptan binds to mast cell- subsequent exposure to allergen initiates immune response
ex- allergic reactions, bee stings

22
Q

4 forms of disease

A
  1. always present and always will be
  2. caused serious problems in the past but are under control now
  3. emerging infectious diseases
  4. bioweapons
23
Q

examples of diseases that were always present and always will be

A

Strep throat, Streptococcus pyogenes

24
Q

examples of diseases that caused serious problems in the past but are under control now

A

measles, polio

25
Q

examples of bioweapons

A

anthrax, small pox

26
Q

7 factors contributing to spread of disease

A
  1. antibiotic resistance in bacteria
  2. fecal contaminated water
  3. undercooked food
  4. lack of or improper hand washing
  5. increase in reservoir species for disease
  6. vectors for disease agents
  7. global warming
    * pet kisses
27
Q

global warming’s effect on spread of disease

A

may increase survival and distribution on reservoirs and vectors
ex- mosquitos for Dengue fever, malaria

28
Q

3 causes of new emerging disease

A
  1. genetic mutations
  2. spread of disease agents into new locations or host populations
  3. failure in public health measures previously used to control disease
29
Q

genetic mutations

A
  • make microorganisms more disease causing

- can lead to antibiotics resistant strains and/ or increased virulence

30
Q

increased spread of disease agents

A
  • improvements in transportation
  • migratory wildlife
  • humans entering regions undergoing ecological change (deforestation, natural disasters, wars, expanding human populations) and come into contact with new or unusual pathogen species
    ex. Coccidioidomycosis (fungus in soil) and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
31
Q

examples of failure in public health measures

A
  • decrease in vaccination rates

- under reporting of actual disease rates

32
Q

examples of emerging disease

A
  • west Nile encephalitis (virus)
  • bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, Mad Cow Disease
  • Creutzfeldt /Jacob disease- human prion disease similar to BSE
  • Ebola hemorrhagic fever
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  • bird flu (H5N1, H7N1)
  • swine flu (H1N1)
  • MERS

Microbiology (27 decks)

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